§ 21. The Aspiration of the Tenues.1
Rem. 1. The vowel letters c
hà yà wà a , as such, naturally do not close a syllable. In close connexion they are therefore followed by the aspiratedBegadkephath , e.g.Hb' ac'mä'W , &c. On the other hand, syllables are closed by the consonantalw andy (exceptWhtoñ-wq; Is 34:11;Hb' wälev' Ez 23:42;~b' yn"doa] y Ps 68:18), and byH with Mappiq; hence e.g. there isDagesë lene in~h,yPi yæl;[' and always afterhAhy> , since theQereÖ perpetuum of this word (§ 17) assumes the readingyn"doa] .
2. In a number of cases d
Dagesë lene is inserted, although a vowel precedes in close connexion. This almost always occurs with the prefixesB. andT. in the combinationsbB.Ã kK.Ã pB. (i.e. when aBegadkephath withSèewaÖ precedes the same or a kindred aspirate) andmB. (see Baer, L. Psalmorum, 1880, p. 92,2 ony Ps 23:3); cf. e.g. 1 S 25:1, Is 10:9,y Ps 34:2; Jb 19:2;gk. is uncertain;db.Ã dk. , andkb. according to David Qimhi do not takeDagesç , norgk.Ã bk. , andpk. according to the Dikdukeha-tÌeamim , p. 30. Sometimes the Begadkephath letters, even with a full vowel, take Dagesû before a spirant (and even beforex inhV'mix]B; 1 K 12:32); cf. the instances mentioned above, § 20 e (mostly tenues beforea ). In all these cases the object is to prevent too great an accumulation of aspirates, The LXX, on the other hand, almost always represent theK andp , even at the beginning of a syllable, byc andf ;Cerou,b( Caldai/oi( Farfa,r , &c.—The formsdkod>K; (afteryTiñm.f;w> ) Is 54:11, andlkel.K; (afterytiyaeñl.nIw> ) Jer 20:9 are doubly anomalous.
On f
T.l.j;q'Ã B.v.YIw: and similar forms, see § 10 i.
WhetherSèewaÖ be vocal and consequently causes the aspiration of a following tenuis, depends upon the origin of the particular form. It is almost always vocal
(a) When it has arisen from the weakening of a strong vowel, e.g.Wpd>rI pursue ye (notWPd>rI ) from@dor>È ykel.m; (notyKel.m; ), because originallymaçlaçkheÖ , butyKil.m; from the ground-form malk.
(b) With thek of the pronominal suffixes of the 2nd pers.^¤.Ã ~k,¤.Ã !k,¤. , sinceSèewaÖ mobile is characteristic of these forms (see § 58 f; § 91 b).
Rem. Forms likeT.x;l;ñv' thou (fem.) hast sent, in which we should expect an aspiratedt after the vowel, cf.D>x;YIòw: Ex 18:9, have arisen fromT.x.l;v'Ã D>x.yI , &c.; Pathah being here simply a helping vowel has no influence on the tenuis; cf. § 28 e.
Footnotes:
1[1] Cf. Delitzsch, ztschr. f. luth. Theol. u. Kirche, 1878, p.585 ff.
3[1] The exceptions