§ 61. Infinitive, Imperative and Participle with Pronominal Suffixes.

a

1. The infinitive construct of an active verb may be construed with an accusative, and therefore can also take a verbal suffix, i. e. the accusative of the personal pronoun. The only undoubted instances of the kind, however, in the O. T. are infinitives with the verbal suffix of the 1st pers. sing., e. g. ynIveñr>d'l. to inquire of me, Jer 37:7. As a rule the infinitive (as a noun) takes noun-suffixes (in the genitive, which may be either subjective or objective, cf. § 115 c), e. g. yrIb.[' my passing by; Akl.m' his reigning, see § 115 a and e. The infinitive Qal, then, usually has the form qoçtÌl, retaining the original short vowel under the first radical (on the probable ground-form quçtÌuçl, see § 46 a). The resulting syllable as a rule allows a following Begadkephath to be spirant, e. g. Abt.k'B. in his writing, Jer 45:1; cf., however, yKip.h' Gn 19:21; APg>n" (so ed. Mant.; others Apg>n") Ex 12:27; yBic.[' 1 Ch 4:10; before ^¤. and ~k,¤. also the syllable is completely closed, e. g. ^P.s.a'B. Ex 23:16, Lv 23:39 (but in pause ^g),òr>h'l. Gn 27:42), unless the vowel be retained in the second syllable; see d. With the form ljoq. generally, compare the closely allied nouns of the form lj,qoñ (before a suffix lj.q' or lj.qu), § 84a a; § 93 q.

b

Rem. 1. The infin. of verbs which have oÒ in the last syllable of the imperfect of Qal, sometimes takes the form qitÌl before suffixes, e. g. Adg>biB. Ex 21:8; ~r'k.mi Am 2:6 (but Hr'k.m' Ex 21:8), Alp.nI 2 S 1:10 (but Alp.n" 1 S 29:3), Anj.fil. Zc 3:1, yrIb.vi Lv 26:26, Ez 30:18 &c. According to Barth (see above, § 47 i with the note) these forms with i in the first syllable point to former i-imperfects.

c

Infinitives of the form lj;q. (§ 45 c) in verbs middle or third guttural (but cf. also Hb'k.vi Gn 19:33, 35 — elsewhere ^B.k.v' and Abk.v') before suffixes sometime take the form qatÌl, as Ap[.z: Jon 1:15 (and, with the syllable loosely closed. Am[]P†; Ju 13:25), ^a]%.m; and ^[]q.r; Ez 25:6; sometimes qitÌl, with the a attenuated to i, especially in verbs third guttural; as %xej.Biày[il.Bià~['q.BiàA[g>Piàyxit.PiàH['b.rI.— Contrary to § 58 f. ynI¤;ñ (1 Ch 12:17(18)) and Wn¤'ñ (Ex 14:11) are sometimes found with the infinitive instead of ynI¤eñ and Wn¤eñ. On ypwdr my following y Ps 38:21 (but QereÖ ypid>r'), cf. the analogous examples in § 46 e.

d

2. With the suffixes ^¤. and ~k,¤., contrary to the analogy of the corresponding nouns, forms occur like ^l.k'a] thy eating, Gn 2:17; ~k,l.k'a] Gn 3:5; ^d>m'[] (others ^d>m†'[]) Ob 11, i.e. with oÒ shortened in the same way as in the imperfect, see § 60. But the analogy of the nouns is followed in such forms as ~k,r>c.qu your harvesting, Lv 19:9, 23:22 (with retention of the original uç), and ~k,s.a'm†' (read moçÇoçsekheÊm) your despising, Is 30:12; cf. Dt 20:2; on ~k,a]c);moB. Gn 32:20 (for  äc.m'B.), see § 74 h. — Very unusual are the infinitive suffixes of the 2nd sing. masc. with n energicum (on the analogy of suffixes with the imperfect, § 58 i), as &'r+,S.y: Dt 4:36, cf. 23:5, Jb 33:32, all in principal pause.

e

Examples of the infinitive NiphÇal with suffixes are, ydIb.K†'hi Ex 14:18; ^d>m,V†'hi Dt 28:20 (in pause, %d†'m.V†'hi verse 24); Ajp.V†'hi y Ps 37:33; ~k,r>k,Z†'hi Ez 21:29; ~d'm.V†'hi Dt 7:23. In the inftnitive of PiÇeÒl (as also in the imperfect, see § 60 f) the eÒ before the suff. ^¤.à~k,¤. becomes SeghoÖl, e. g. ^r>B,D; Ex 4:10, and with a sharpening to iç ~k,f.rIP†' Is 1:15 (see § 60 f). In the infinitive PoÖÇeÒl, ~k,s.v;AB) occurs (with a for eç or iç) Am 5:11, but probably ~k,s.WB), with Wellhausen, is the right reading; the correction s has crept into the text alongside of the corrigendum X.

f

2. The leading form of the imperative Qal before suffixes (lj.q') is due probably (see § 46 d) to the retention of the original short vowel of the first syllable (ground-form quçtÌuçl). In the imperative also oç is not followed by Dagesë lene, e. g. ~bet.K' koçthbheÒm (not koçthbeÒm), &c.1 As in the imperfect (§ 60 d) and infinitive (see above, c), so also in the imperative, suffixes are found united to the stem by an a-sound; e. g. Hb't.K' Is 30:8; cf. 2 S 12:28.— The forms ylij.qiàWlj.qi, which are not exhibited in Paradigm C, undergo no change. Instead of hn"l.joñq., the masc. form (Wlj.qi) is used, as in the imperfect.

g

In verbs which form the imperative with a, like xl;v. (to which class belong especially verbs middle and third guttural, §§ 64 and 65), this a retains its place when pronominal suffixes are added, but, since it then stands in an open syllable, is, as a matter of course, lengthened to QamesÌ (just as in imperfects Qal in a, § 60 c), e. g. ynIxeñl'v. send me, Is 6:8, ynInEòx'B. y Ps 26:2, ynIaeñr'q. y Ps 50:15, ynIW[ñm'v. Gn 23:8. In Am 9:1, ~[;c'òB. (so ed. Mant., Baer, Ginsb., instead of the ordinary reading ~[;c;òB.) is to be explained, with Margolis, AJSL. xix, p. 45 ff., from an original Am[.c;B., as ~t;g+'r'h\w); Am 9:4 from original Amt.g+'r'h]w);. — In the imperative HiphÇiÖl, the form used in conjunction with suffixes is not the 2nd sing. masc. ljeq.h;, but lyjiq.h; (with iÖ on account of the open syllable, cf. § 60 g), e. g. WhbeñyrIq.h; present it, Mal 1:8.

h

3. Like the infinitives, the participles can also be united with either verbal or noun-suffixes; see § 116 f. In both cases the vowel of the participles is shortened or becomes SèewaÖ before the suffix, as in the corresponding noun-forms, e. g. from the form ljeqoœ ypid>r†oàApd>r†o, &c.; but before SèewaÖ mobile ^r>c,y*o, &c., or with the original iç, ^b.yIa)o Ex 23:4, &c., ^p.sia)o 2 K 22:20 (coinciding in form with the 1st sing. imperfect Qal, 1 S 15:6; cf. § 68 h); with a middle guttural (ylia]G*i), ^l.a;G*i; with a third guttural, ^a]r†;Bo Is 43:1, but ^x]l†evoà^x]L†ev;m. Jer 28:16, cf. § 65 d. The form lJeq;m., with suffix yliJ.q;m.; before SèewaÖ sometimes like ^d>M,l;m. Is 48:17, ~k,m.x,n:m. 51:12, sometimes like ~k,p.Sia;m. 52:12. In Is 47:10 ynIa'ñro is irregular for ynIaeñro; instead of the meaningless ynIw>l†;l.q;m. hL{Ku Jer 15:10 read ynIWlñl.qi ~h,L.Ku.

Also unusual (see above, d) with participles are the suffixes of the 2nd sing. masc. with n energicum, as &'n<òA[ Jb 5:1; cf. Dt 8:5, 12:14, 28.

Footnotes:

1[1] ynIreñm.v†' sëaÒmereÒniÖ required by the Masora in y Ps 16:1 (also hr'm.v†' y Ps 86:2, 119:167; cf. Is 38:14 and ^d>m†'[] Ob11), belongs to the disputed cases discussed in § 9 e and § 48 i note.