§ 103. Prepositions with Pronominal Suffixes and in the Plural Form.
Rem. 1. The preposition b
tae (usually-ta, ) near, with, is distinguished fromtae (see below, and § 117 a, note 4), the sign of the definite accusative (§ 117 a), in its connexion with suffixes, by a difference of pointing, the former makingyTiaià ^T.ai , in pause%T'ai , 2nd fem.%T'ai (Is 54:10%Teai ),ATaià HT'aià WnT'ñaià ~k,T.aià ~T'ai (also in the later books, especially in Kings, and always in Jer. and Ezek., in correctlyytiAa with me;%t'Aame from thee, 1 K 20:25;Ataome from him, 1 K 22:7;~t'ao with them), while the latter retains itsoÖ (obscured fromaÖ ) before the light suffixes, but before grave suffixes is pointed withSeghoÖl . ThisSeghoÖl is to be explained, with Praetorius, ZDMG. lv. 369 f., as the modification of anaç which again was shortened from originalaÖ (in 'aÖthià , 'aÖthoÖ , &c.) in a closed syllable ('açthhem , &c.). The same shortening and modification of the originalaÖ takes place before words in close connexion, hencelKo-ta, , &c. When not in close connexion, the tonelessta, becomes tone-longtae , e. g.~yIm;ñV'h; tae Gn 1:1. Hence the following forms arise:—
Sing. 1. 2 { m. f. 3.{m. f.{ | Plur. . . . . . |
Less common are the plene formsytiAaà ^t.Aa (Nu 22:33hk't.ao beforeh ),%t'Aa (Ex 29:35hk't'ñao ),AtAaà Ht'Aaà Wnt'ñAaà ~t'Aa . Moreover, for~k,t.a, we find~k,t.Aa Jos 23:15; for~t'ao , five times~h,t.a, (Gn 32:1, Ex 18:20, &c.), and in Ez 23:45~h,t.Aa ; for!h,t.a, (Gn 19:8, &c. [13 times]),!t'ao (only found in Ez 16:54; Ex 35:26hn"t'ñao ; Ez 34:21hn"t'ñAa ), and!h,t.Aa Ez 23:47.—No instance of the 2nd fem. plur.!k,t.a, occurs in the O. T.; in Cant 2:7, &c.,~k,t.a, is used instead.
2. The preposition c
-~[i with (with suffixes on the model of stems[¾¾[à yMi[ià ^M.[i [1 S 1:26hk'M.[i ], in pause%M'[i ; 2nd fem.%M'[i È AM[ià HM'[i ) is united with the suffixesWnà ~k, , and~h, by a (pretonic)QamesÌ , which causes the sharpening of theMeÖm to be distinctly audible:WnM'ñ[ià ~k,M'[ià ~h,M'[i (so in Nu 22:12, Dt 29:16, both in principal pause, and often in very late passages, otherwise~M'[i is generally used). In the first person, besidesyMi[i , we also findydIM'[i (probably from originalydn[ ; cf. Arab. ‘inda, beside, with).
3. It is but seldom that prepositions occur with verbal suffixes, as d
ynITeñx.T; 2 S 22:37, 40, 48 (for whichy Ps 18:37, 40, 48yT;x.T; ),hN"T,ñx.T; Gn 2:21 andynIdeñ[]B; y Ps 139:11 (here probably for the sake of the rhyme withynIpeñWvyI ).1
Sing. | Plur. | |
1. | ||
2. | {m. | |
[ | ||
3. | {m. | |
[53 times]3 | ||
f. |
Sing. | Plur. | |
1. | ||
2. | {m. | |
f. . . | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | |
3. | {m. | |
f. |
Sing. | Plur. | |||
1. | ||||
also | ||||
2. | {m. | |||
f. | ||||
3. | {m. | |||
or | Jb 11:20 | |||
f. |
The syllable k
Am (in ArabicmaÖ am' = Heb.hm' what) inynIAmñK' (probably fromynIa] hm'K. , prop. according to what I, for as I) is, in poetry, appended to the three simple prefixesB.Ã K.Ã l. , even without suffixes, so thatAmB.Ã AmK.Ã Aml. appear as independent words, equivalent in meaning toB.Ã K.Ã l. . Poetry is here distinguished from prose by the use of longer forms; in the case of!mi , on the other hand, it prefers the shorter, which resemble the Syriac and Arabic.
The form l
~h,K' , enclosed in brackets above, occurs only in 2 K 17:15 (in pause),hM'heñK' only in Jer 36:32 (in pause);!heK' (Baer followingQimhÌi !h,K' ) only in Ez 18:14. Cf. Frensdorff, Massora Magna, p. 234 ff.—For~k,K' as ye,QimhÌi requires~keK' (invariably or only in Jb 16:4 ?); in Jos 1:15, Ju 8:2, Ezr 4:2 Baer gives~k,K' .
With regard to m
!mi with suffixes,yNIM,ñmi from me is usually explained as arising, by a reduplication of!mi , from an originalynmnm , just asWNM,ñmi from him, fromwhÄnmnm , identical in form withWNM,ñmi 7 from us, fromwnÄnmnm , whilehN"M,ñmi from her, goes back tohnmnm . Far simpler, however, is Mayer Lambert's explanation (REJ. xxiii. 302 ff.), thatyNIM,ñmi , &c., have arisen fromyNIN<mi , &c., and that the forms of the suffixes are to be explained on the analogy ofyNIn<òyaeà WNd,ñA[à hN"T,ñx.T; , § 100 o.—The bracketed formWhNEòmi , for which Baer, followingQimhÌi and others, writesWhN<òmi , occurs only iny Ps 68:24, and is there regarded byDÍelitzsch , Hupfeld, and others (following Simonis) as a substantive (!me = portion). The expressionaWh-!mi (forWNM,ñmi ?) Is 18:2, 7 is very strange.—hM'heñme occurs only in Jer 10:2, Ec 12:12 (Jb 11:20~h+,N>mi );!h,me (so Baer and Ginsburg, following the best authorities, instead of the ordinary reading!heme ) only in Ez 16:47, 52.
With Suffixes.
1 Sing. | ||||||||
(after me) | (between me) | (around me) | (beneath me) | (to me) | (unto me) | (on me) | ||
2 S. m. | ||||||||
& | ||||||||
2 S. f. | ||||||||
& | ||||||||
3 S. m. | ||||||||
& | ||||||||
3 S. f. | ||||||||
& | ||||||||
1 Plur. | ||||||||
& | ||||||||
2 Pl. m. | ||||||||
3 Pl. m. | ||||||||
& | & | usually | & | [11 | ||||
[12 | ||||||||
3 Pl. f. | ||||||||
& |
Footnotes:
2[2]
3[3] The question whether
4[4] The form
5[5] The use of
9[2] On the use of this particle see § 119 g.
10[1] As Mayer Lambert observes, usage (cf. esp. Gn 26:28) distinguishes between the two forms:
11[2] The poetical form