§ 127. The Noun determined by a following Determinate Genitive.
Brockelmann, Grundriss, i. 475.
(a) By its character as a proper name (according to § 125 a), e. g.
(b) By having the article, e. g.
(c) By the addition of a pronominal suffix (see above), e. g.
(d) By construction with another genitive determined in some way, e. g. Gn 3:2
Rem. 1. The above explains also the various meanings of b
lKo (prop. a substantive in the sense of aggregate, whole), according as it is followed by a determinate or indeterminate genitive. In the former caselKo has the meaning of the entirety, i. e. all, the whole (like the French taus les hommes, toute la ville), e. g.#r,a'h'-lK' the whole (prop. the entirety of the) earth,~d'a'h'-lK' all men;1 Ex 18:22, Nu 15:13, Jer 4:29, and cases like Nu 4:23, 47, 21:18 wherelK' is followed by a singular participle with the article. On the other hand, before an indeterminate genitivelKo is used in the more indefinite (in- dividualizing) sense of of all kinds, any (cf. tout homme, à tout prix), or distributively each, every, e. g.#[e-lK' every (kind of) tree, Gn 2:9; cf. 4:22, 24:10, 1 Ch 29:2;rb'D'-lK' any thing, Ju 19:19;~Ay-lk'B. every day, every time,y Ps 7:12.
It is, however, to be observed — c
(a) That the article may in this case also (see § 126 h) be omitted in poetic style, although the substantive is to be regarded as detenninate, e. g.tAnx'l.vu-lK' all (the) tables, Is 28:8.
(b) That the meaning every is frequent even before singulars used collectively; afterwards the idea of quisque passes naturally into that of totality, e. g.yx;-lK' each living thing, i. e. every(not every kind of) living thing;rf'B'-lK' all flesh, i. e. all men or all living creatures (with the article only in Gn 7:15 before a relative clause, and in Is 40:6); sometimes also#[e-lK' all trees,@A[-lK' all birds; finally —
(c) That before the names of members of the human body,-lK' frequently (as being determinate in itself) denotes the entirety, e. g. Is 1:5 the whole head, the whole heart (the sense required by the context, not every head, &c., which the expression in itself might also mean); 9:11, 2 K 23:3, Ez 29:7 all (i. e. the whole of) their shoulders … all (the whole of) their loins; 36:5.—OnlKo with a suffix when it follows a noun in apposition (e. g. Is 9:8ALKu ~['h' the people, all of it, i. e. the whole nation, more emphatic than~['h'-lK' , cf. Driver on 2 S 2:9), as well as when it follows absolutely in the genitive (= all men, every one, e. g. Gn 16:12),2 see the Lexicon, pp. 481b, 482b.
2. Gentilic names (or patronymics), derived from compound proper names (consisting of a nomen regens and genitive), are determined by inserting the article before the second part of the compound (since it contains the original genitive), e. g. d
ynIymiy>-!B, (see § 86 h) a Benjamite;ynIymiy>h;-!B, Ju 3:15, &c., the Benjamite;ymix.L;h;-tyBe the Bethlehemite, 1 S 16:1, &c. (cf., however, 1 Ch 27:12ÀthebÁQereÖ ynIymiy> !Bel; );yvim.Vih;-tyBe the Beth-shemite, 1 S 6:14;yrIz>[,h' ybia] the Abiezrite, Ju 6:11, &c., cf. 1 K 16:34.
3. In a few instances the nomen regens appears to be used indefinitely notwithstanding a following determinate genitive; it is not so, however, in Gn 16:7, where the reference is to a well-known fountain; 21:28, where in the original context there must have been some reason for the seven ewe lambs of the flock; 2 S 12:30 the spoil found in the city; but it often is so before a proper name, as in Ex 10:9 e
hA'hy> gx; a feast of the Lord (unless it is the spring festival), Dt 7:25, and frequentlyhA'hy> tb;[]AT an abomination unto the Lord; cf. also Gn 46:34, Dt 22:19 a virgin of Israel; 1 S 4:12 a man of Benjamin; Pr 25:1, Ct 2:1, 3:9; similarly before appellatives with the article (or before a genitive determined by a suffix, as in Lv 14:34), 1 S 20:20 three arrows; 2 S 23:11hd,F'h; tq;l.x, a plot of the ground (but sec Gn 33:19, Jos 24:32); Ju 13:6, Jer 13:4, 41:16, Ct 1:11, 13f., 5:13, 7:3, 8:2. On the other hand,tAl[]M;h; ryvi in the titles of Psalms 120 to 134 (except 121:1,tAl[]M;l; ryvi ) was most probably originally the title of a collection, in the sense of ' the pilgrimage-songs ' (according to § 124 r), and was subsequently added to these Psalms severally.—In Ex 20:24~AqM'h;-lk'B. in all the place, sc. of the sanctuary, is a dogmatic correction of~Aqm'-lk'B. , in every place, to avoid the difficulty that several holy-places are here authorized, instead of the one central sanctuary. In Gn 20:13 also~AqM'h;-lK' (unless it means in the whole place) is remarkable, since elsewhere every place is always ( 8 times)~Aqm'-lK' .
4. The deviations mentioned under e, from a fundamental rule of syntax, are in some cases open to suspicion on textual grounds, but much more doubtful are the instances in which the article is found before a noun already determined in some other way, as — f
(a) Before a noun which appears to be determined by a following independent determinate genitive. The least questionable are the instances in which the genitive is a proper name, since these may be elliptical forms of expression like the apparent construction of proper names with a genitive, noticed in § 125 h, e. g. Nu 21:14!Anr>a; ~ylix'N>h; the valleys, namely the valleys of Arnon; 2 K 23:17lae-tyBe xB;z>Mih; the altar, namely the altar of Bethel(i. e. with the suppression of the real nomen regens,xB;z>mi without the article; by the pointingxB;z>Mih; the Masora evidently intends to allow the choice either of readingx;Bez>Mih; or correcting it toxB;z>mi );lae-tyBe laeh' the God of Beth-el3 (equivalent toäB lae laeh' ), Gn 31:13 (the LXX. read~AqM'b; ^yl,ae ha,r>NIh; laeh' the God who appeared to thee in the holy place);rWVa; %l,M,h; the king of Assyria, Is 36:16 (probably a scribal error due to verse 13; it does not occur in the parallel passage, 2 K 18:31), cf. Jos 13:5, 2 K 25:11, Jer 38:6, Ez 47:15; in the vocative, Jer 48:32, La 2:13. On the other hand,AMai hr'f' Gn 24:67 is no doubt only a subsequent insertion; so alsolaer'f.yI Jos 8:33b (cf. LXX), 2 S 20:23, 2 K 7:13,%l,M,ñh; 1 S 26:22 aftertynIx]h; (simplified by the Masora totynIx] QereÖ );zx'a' tY"li[] 2 K 23:12,rWVa; Is 36:8 (cf. 2 K 18:23),vd,Qoh; Ez 46:19 (unless the article withtwbXl is to be omitted), alsodymiT'h; Dn 8:13, andaybiN"h; dde[o 2 Ch 15:8. In Ex 9:18 read with the Samaritan~AYmil. ; in 2 S 19:25tb,l,ñ might possibly be taken in apposition to~AYh; !mil. ; in 2 K 10:1 restoreynEB.-ta, , with the LXX and Lucian, beforeba'x.a; ; in 2 K 25:19 omit the article, as in Jer 52:28, beforerpeso .
A similar ellipse must also be assumed in 2 K 23:17 the sepulchre is the sepulchre of the man of God (but most probably g
rb,q, has dropped out afterrb,Q,h; ) andy Ps 123:4 (cf., however, the LXX, and observe that in the parallel member the genitive is paraphrased byl. ).—In Jos 3:14tyrIB.h; (verse 17hwhy tyrIB. ) has been added to the original!Ara'h' by a redactor; cf. similar syntactically impossible additions in verse 11 (also in 1 S 4:3, &c., where the LXX still had simplyhwhy !Ara] ); indt;y>h; Ju 16:14 the Masora evidently combines two different readingsdteY"h; andgr,a,h' dt;y> ; and similarly in Jer 25:26 (where#r,a'ñh' was only subsequently introduced into the text), the two readingstAkl'm.M;h; andäah' tAkl.m.m; are combined.—In Jos 8:11, 1 K 14:24, Jer 31:40, Ez 45:16 the article, being usual after-lK' , has been mechanically added, and so also in 2 Ch 8:16 after-d[; ; in 2 K 9:4 the secondr[;N:òh; (instead ofr[;n:ò ) is occasioned by the first; in Ez 7:7hm'Whm. belongs as a nominative to what follows; in Ezr 8:29 the meaning perhaps is in the chambers, in the house of the Lord, or the article is to be omitted; in 1 Ch 15:27 the text is manifestly corrupt.
Of another kind are the instances in which a determinate noun is followed by a definition of the material in apposition (hence, not in the genitive; cf. § 131), e. g. Zc 4:10 h
lydIB.h; !b,a,ñh' the weight, the lead, i. e. the leaden weight; Ex 39:17, 2 K 16:14 (tv,xñN>h; , both here and in verse 17, is probably only a later addition, whiletwnkmh twrgsmh in verse 17 has arisen from a confusion of two readings,twnkmh twrgsm andtwnkmhme twrgsmh ). In Jer 32:12 alsohn"q.Mih; (unless the article is simply to be omitted) is in apposition torp,Seh; .
(b) Before a noun with a suffix (which likewise represents a determinate genitive; see above, at the beginning of this section). This does not apply to cases in which a verbal (i. e. accusative) suffix is affixed to a participle which has the article, e. g. i
WhKeñM;h; Is 9:12, the one smiting him; in Dt 8:15, 13:6 also^ is a verbal suffix, but hardly theA inAf[oh' forWhfeñ[oh' Job 40:19, nor theH¤' inHd'l.Y*oh; Dn 11:6; § 116 g. For^K.r>[,h' Lev 27:23, read^K.r>[, as in verses 2, 3, 5, 7, 13, &c., twelve times (but cf. also the note on § 128 d).—Of the remaining examplesHT'r>biG>K; Is 24:2 (probablyan intentional alliteration with the eleven other words beginning withK; ),WhñnE[]M;l; Pr 16:4, andWnyreñ['B, (so Baer, following the best authorities) Ezr 10:14, rest only on the authority of the Masoretes, not of the authors. So also inylih\a'h' Jos 7:21,Ayc.x,h; Jos 8:33 (previouslyAyc.x, ),h'yt,ñArh'h, 2 K 15:16 (dittography of theh ), the article is simply to be omitted as syntactically impossible; thew ofArb.D'h; Mi 2:12 is the copula belonging to the next word.
Footnotes:
1[1]
2[2] In Ezr 10:17 instead of
3[1] According to Philippi (St. Constr., p. 3:8)