§ 127. The Noun determined by a following Determinate Genitive.

Brockelmann, Grundriss, i. 475.

a

When a genitive, determined in any way, follows a nomen regens, it also determines the nomen regens, which, according to § 89 a, is always in the construct state. Moreover, every pronominal suffix attached to a substantive is, according to § 33 c, to be considered as a genitive determinate by nature. An independent genitive may be determinate —

(a) By its character as a proper name (according to § 125 a), e. g. hA'hy> rb;D> the word of the Lord.

(b) By having the article, e. g. hm'x'l.Mih; vyai (prop. the man of the war) the soldier (but hm'x'l.mi vyai Jos 17:1, a soldier); hm'x'l.Mih; yven>a; Nu 31:49, the soldiers; aybiN"h; rb;D> the word of the prophet, Jer 28:9 (but e. g., on the other hand, hd'M'lum. ~yvin"a] tw:c.mi a commandment of men which hath been taught, Is 29:13; rq,v+'-rb;D> word of falsehood, Pr 29:12).

(c) By the addition of a pronominal suffix (see above), e. g. ybia'-tyB†e my father's house.

(d) By construction with another genitive determined in some way, e. g. Gn 3:2 !G"h;-#[†e yrIP.mi of the fruit of the trees of the garden. Thus in Is 10:12 four, and in 21:17 even five, members of a series are determined by a concluding determinate genitive.

b

Rem. 1. The above explains also the various meanings of lKo (prop. a substantive in the sense of aggregate, whole), according as it is followed by a determinate or indeterminate genitive. In the former case lKo has the meaning of the entirety, i. e. all, the whole (like the French taus les hommes, toute la ville), e. g. #r,a'h'-lK' the whole (prop. the entirety of the) earth, ~d'a'h†'-lK' all men;1 Ex 18:22, Nu 15:13, Jer 4:29, and cases like Nu 4:23, 47, 21:18 where lK' is followed by a singular participle with the article. On the other hand, before an indeterminate genitive lKo is used in the more indefinite (in- dividualizing) sense of of all kinds, any (cf. tout homme, à tout prix), or distributively each, every, e. g. #[e-lK' every (kind of) tree, Gn 2:9; cf. 4:22, 24:10, 1 Ch 29:2; rb'D'-lK' any thing, Ju 19:19; ~Ay-lk'B. every day, every time, y Ps 7:12.

c

It is, however, to be observed —
(a) That the article may in this case also (see § 126 h) be omitted in poetic style, although the substantive is to be regarded as detenninate, e. g. tAnx'l.vu-lK' all (the) tables, Is 28:8.
(b) That the meaning every is frequent even before singulars used collectively; afterwards the idea of quisque passes naturally into that of totality, e. g. yx;-lK' each living thing, i. e. every(not every kind of) living thing; rf'B'-lK' all flesh, i. e. all men or all living creatures (with the article only in Gn 7:15 before a relative clause, and in Is 40:6); sometimes also #[e-lK' all trees, @A[-lK' all birds; finally —
(c) That before the names of members of the human body, -lK' frequently (as being determinate in itself) denotes the entirety, e. g. Is 1:5 the whole head, the whole heart (the sense required by the context, not every head, &c., which the expression in itself might also mean); 9:11, 2 K 23:3, Ez 29:7 all (i. e. the whole of) their shouldersall (the whole of) their loins; 36:5.—On lKo with a suffix when it follows a noun in apposition (e. g. Is 9:8 ALKu ~['h' the people, all of it, i. e. the whole nation, more emphatic than ~['h'-lK', cf. Driver on 2 S 2:9), as well as when it follows absolutely in the genitive (= all men, every one, e. g. Gn 16:12),2 see the Lexicon, pp. 481b, 482b.

d

2. Gentilic names (or patronymics), derived from compound proper names (consisting of a nomen regens and genitive), are determined by inserting the article before the second part of the compound (since it contains the original genitive), e. g. ynIymiy>-!B, (see § 86 h) a Benjamite; ynIymiy>h;-!B, Ju 3:15, &c., the Benjamite; ymix.L;h;-tyB†e the Bethlehemite, 1 S 16:1, &c. (cf., however, 1 Ch 27:12 ÀthebÁQereÖ ynIymiy> !Bel; ); yvim.Vih;-tyB†e the Beth-shemite, 1 S 6:14; yrIz>[,h†' ybia] the Abiezrite, Ju 6:11, &c., cf. 1 K 16:34.

e

3. In a few instances the nomen regens appears to be used indefinitely notwithstanding a following determinate genitive; it is not so, however, in Gn 16:7, where the reference is to a well-known fountain; 21:28, where in the original context there must have been some reason for the seven ewe lambs of the flock; 2 S 12:30 the spoil found in the city; but it often is so before a proper name, as in Ex 10:9 hA'hy> gx; a feast of the Lord (unless it is the spring festival), Dt 7:25, and frequently hA'hy> tb;[]AT† an abomination unto the Lord; cf. also Gn 46:34, Dt 22:19 a virgin of Israel; 1 S 4:12 a man of Benjamin; Pr 25:1, Ct 2:1, 3:9; similarly before appellatives with the article (or before a genitive determined by a suffix, as in Lv 14:34), 1 S 20:20 three arrows; 2 S 23:11 hd,F'h; tq;l.x, a plot of the ground (but sec Gn 33:19, Jos 24:32); Ju 13:6, Jer 13:4, 41:16, Ct 1:11, 13f., 5:13, 7:3, 8:2. On the other hand, tAl[]M†;h; ryvi in the titles of Psalms 120 to 134 (except 121:1, tAl[]M†;l; ryvi) was most probably originally the title of a collection, in the sense of ' the pilgrimage-songs ' (according to § 124 r), and was subsequently added to these Psalms severally.—In Ex 20:24 ~AqM'h;-lk'B. in all the place, sc. of the sanctuary, is a dogmatic correction of ~Aqm'-lk'B., in every place, to avoid the difficulty that several holy-places are here authorized, instead of the one central sanctuary. In Gn 20:13 also ~AqM'h;-lK' (unless it means in the whole place) is remarkable, since elsewhere every place is always ( 8 times) ~Aqm'-lK'.

f

4. The deviations mentioned under e, from a fundamental rule of syntax, are in some cases open to suspicion on textual grounds, but much more doubtful are the instances in which the article is found before a noun already determined in some other way, as —
(a) Before a noun which appears to be determined by a following independent determinate genitive. The least questionable are the instances in which the genitive is a proper name, since these may be elliptical forms of expression like the apparent construction of proper names with a genitive, noticed in § 125 h, e. g. Nu 21:14 !Anr>a; ~ylix'N>h; the valleys, namely the valleys of Arnon; 2 K 23:17 lae-tyBe xB;z>Mih; the altar, namely the altar of Bethel(i. e. with the suppression of the real nomen regens, xB;z>mi without the article; by the pointing xB;z>Mih; the Masora evidently intends to allow the choice either of reading x;Bez>Mih; or correcting it to xB;z>mi); lae-tyBe laeh' the God of Beth-el3 (equivalent to äB lae laeh'), Gn 31:13 (the LXX. read ~AqM'b; ^yl,ae ha,r>NIh; laeh' the God who appeared to thee in the holy place); rWVa; %l,M,h; the king of Assyria, Is 36:16 (probably a scribal error due to verse 13; it does not occur in the parallel passage, 2 K 18:31), cf. Jos 13:5, 2 K 25:11, Jer 38:6, Ez 47:15; in the vocative, Jer 48:32, La 2:13. On the other hand, AMai hr'f' Gn 24:67 is no doubt only a subsequent insertion; so also laer'f.yI Jos 8:33b (cf. LXX), 2 S 20:23, 2 K 7:13, %l,M,ñh; 1 S 26:22 after tynIx]h; (simplified by the Masora to tynIx] QereÖ); zx'a' tY"li[] 2 K 23:12, rWVa; Is 36:8 (cf. 2 K 18:23), vd,Qoh; Ez 46:19 (unless the article with twbXl is to be omitted), also dymiT'h; Dn 8:13, and aybiN"h; dde[o 2 Ch 15:8. In Ex 9:18 read with the Samaritan ~AYmil.; in 2 S 19:25 tb,l,ñ might possibly be taken in apposition to ~AYh; !mil.; in 2 K 10:1 restore ynEB.-ta,, with the LXX and Lucian, before ba'x.a;; in 2 K 25:19 omit the article, as in Jer 52:28, before rpeso.

g

A similar ellipse must also be assumed in 2 K 23:17 the sepulchre is the sepulchre of the man of God (but most probably rb,q, has dropped out after rb,Q,h;) and y Ps 123:4 (cf., however, the LXX, and observe that in the parallel member the genitive is paraphrased by l.).—In Jos 3:14 tyrIB.h; (verse 17 hwhy tyrIB.) has been added to the original !Ara'h†' by a redactor; cf. similar syntactically impossible additions in verse 11 (also in 1 S 4:3, &c., where the LXX still had simply hwhy !Ara]); in dt;y>h; Ju 16:14 the Masora evidently combines two different readings dteY"h; and gr,a,h' dt;y>; and similarly in Jer 25:26 (where #r,a'ñh' was only subsequently introduced into the text), the two readings tAkl'm.M;h; and äah' tAkl.m.m; are combined.—In Jos 8:11, 1 K 14:24, Jer 31:40, Ez 45:16 the article, being usual after -lK', has been mechanically added, and so also in 2 Ch 8:16 after -d[;; in 2 K 9:4 the second r[;N:òh; (instead of r[;n:ò) is occasioned by the first; in Ez 7:7 hm'Whm. belongs as a nominative to what follows; in Ezr 8:29 the meaning perhaps is in the chambers, in the house of the Lord, or the article is to be omitted; in 1 Ch 15:27 the text is manifestly corrupt.

h

Of another kind are the instances in which a determinate noun is followed by a definition of the material in apposition (hence, not in the genitive; cf. § 131), e. g. Zc 4:10 lydIB.h; !b,a,ñh' the weight, the lead, i. e. the leaden weight; Ex 39:17, 2 K 16:14 (tv,xñN>h;, both here and in verse 17, is probably only a later addition, while twnkmh twrgsmh in verse 17 has arisen from a confusion of two readings, twnkmh twrgsm and twnkmhme twrgsmh). In Jer 32:12 also hn"q.Mih; (unless the article is simply to be omitted) is in apposition to rp,Seh;.

i

(b) Before a noun with a suffix (which likewise represents a determinate genitive; see above, at the beginning of this section). This does not apply to cases in which a verbal (i. e. accusative) suffix is affixed to a participle which has the article, e. g. WhKeñM;h; Is 9:12, the one smiting him; in Dt 8:15, 13:6 also ^ is a verbal suffix, but hardly the A in Af[oh†' for Whfeñ[oh†' Job 40:19, nor the H¤' in Hd'l.Y*oh; Dn 11:6; § 116 g. For ^K.r>[,h†' Lev 27:23, read ^K.r>[,as in verses 2, 3, 5, 7, 13, &c., twelve times (but cf. also the note on § 128 d).—Of the remaining examples HT'r>biG>K; Is 24:2 (probablyan intentional alliteration with the eleven other words beginning with K;), WhñnE[]M†;l; Pr 16:4, and Wnyreñ['B†, (so Baer, following the best authorities) Ezr 10:14, rest only on the authority of the Masoretes, not of the authors. So also in ylih\a†'h' Jos 7:21, Ayc.x,h†; Jos 8:33 (previously Ayc.x,), h'yt,ñArh†'h, 2 K 15:16 (dittography of the h), the article is simply to be omitted as syntactically impossible; the w of Arb.D'h; Mi 2:12 is the copula belonging to the next word.

Footnotes:

1[1] ~d'a'h†' being a collective, cf. vyaih'-lK' 2 S 15:2, all men, !Beh;-lK' Ex 1:22 all sons, tB;h;-lK' all daughters; in itself ~d'a'h†'-lK' could also mean the whole man.

2[2] In Ezr 10:17 instead of ~yvin"a] lKoB; read simply ~yvin"a]h†'-lk'B..

3[1] According to Philippi (St. Constr., p. 3:8) la-tyb is rather a case of ' subposition ' in the accusative, as also !Alt.x, %r,D,ñh; Ez 47:15 (for which, however, in 48:1 there is the correct reading !Alt.x, xr,D,ñ) by the way to Hethlon; and in fact, Ez 47:15 may without difficulty be explained in this way; so vve Ex 39:27 as an accusative of the material.