§ 156. Circumstantial Clauses.
Rem. Among relative clauses of this kind the commonest are the various noun-clauses, which are most closely subordinated to a preceding substantive without b
rv,a] , e. g. Gn 16:12; also statements of weight, Gn 24:22; of name, Jb 1:1 (also introduced byAmv.W Gn 24:29, 1 S 1:1, §c., orHm'v.W Gn 16:1, 22:24, &c.); of a condition of body, Ju 1:7, and others.—Noun-clauses which begin withwaÒw , and the predicate have a somewhat more independent character than those introduced bywaÒw and the subject1 (Gn 19:1, &c.). The former, however, are also to be regarded as circumstantial clauses, in so far as they describe a state which is simultaneous with the principal action; thus Is 3:7, will not be an healer,~x,l,ñ !yae ytiybeb.W while in my house is neither bread nor clothing; Is 6:6 (Am 7:7); 2 S 13:18, 16:1. Cf. also the instances in § 152 l of!yaew> followed by a participle, aslyCim; !yaew> , &c.
Rem. On circumlocutions of this kind to express negative attributes by means of short noun-clauses (complete or incomplete), cf. § 152 u.
Examples of (1) Is 5:11 b woe unto them, that tarry late in the evening,~qeylid>y: !yIy:ò while wine inflames them. Is 1:5, 10:24, 30:31, Jer 7:26, 20:15,y Ps 4:3, 5:12, 21:13, 62:5. The circumstantial verbal-clause is used to particularize an action which has before been expressed generally, in Gn 44:12, 48:14 = crossing his hands; Dt 2:27, Ju 6:19; antithetically, 1 K 13:18Al vxeKi wherewith however he lied unto him. The verbal-clause seems to assign a reason iny Ps 7:7t'yWIòci jP'v.mi since thou hast commanded judgement; a consequence iny Ps 103:5.5
Rem. On the cases in which an imperfect in the sense of a final clause is subordinated to a verb of motion (generally e
~Wq ), see § 120 c.
Of (2), subordinate verbal-clauses with f
aol (in English usually rendered by without and the gerund, if the subject be the same as in the principal clause), e.g. Lv 1:17lyDIb.y: aol without dividing it asunder; Jb 31:34;aol with the perfect is so used in Gn 44:4, Ex 34:28, 1 S 30:2, Jb 20:26 (without its being blown upon it). With a different subject, equivalent to a consecutive clause in English, Is 27:9Wmquñy"-aol) so that they shall rise up no more. — Moreover, verbal-clauses in the same sense (without doing, &c.) are frequently connected byaolw> ; cf. 1 S 20:2, Jb 24:22, 42:3; in a concessive sense, Is 33:1,y Ps 44:18.
Of (3), cf. g
[d;yE aol (prop. he knows it not) unawares,y Ps 35:8, Pr 5:6lmox.y: aol unsparingly, Is 30:14 (after an infinitive absolute); Hb 1:17, Jb 6:10 (butlmox.y: aolw> Jb 16:13, 27:22; see f at the end);Wdx+eki aol (prop. they hide not) openly, Is 3:9 (but Jb 15:18Wdx]ki aolw> );%f+'x' yliB. (prop. he restrains not) unceasingly, Is 14:6;jAMyI-lB; Jb 41:15 (y Ps 93:1yjAMTi-lB; ) andjAMyI aol Is 40:20 (without tottering) immovably; cf. alsod[+'m.a, aol without wavering,y Ps 26:1.
Footnotes:
1[1] In Dt 32:31 this form of sequence appears to be selected for another purpose, and indeed our enemies are judges thereof, with
2[1] The expression
3[2] That
4[3] Some examples of these have been already discussed in another connexion above, § 120 a–c.
5[4] In Gn 21:14 the circumstantial verbal-clause