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absent from the writings of St John.

Of one or other of the three words lutrou'sqai , ‘to redeem,’ luvtrwsi", ajpoluvtrwsi" , we have the following instances:

( a ) In earlier Epistles of St Paul:

1 Cor. 1:30: ‘in Christ Jesus, Who was made unto us ( ejgenhvqh ) wisdom from God, both righteousness and sanctification and redemption ’ ( ajpoluvtrwsi" ).

Rom. 3:24: ‘being justified freely by His grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus’ ( dia; th'" ajpolutrwvsew" th'" ejn Cristw'/ jIhsou' ).

Rom. 8:23: ‘the redemption of the body’ ( t. ajpoluvtrwsin t. swvmato" ).

( b ) In the Epistles of the Captivity:

Col. 1:14, and here in Eph. 1:7: ‘in Whom we have our redemption ’ ( ejn w|/ e[comen th;n ajpoluvtrwsin )—the redemption which is the outcome of our faith—a redemption wrought by Christ ‘through His blood’ (Eph. 1:7)—‘our redemption which is nothing less than the remission of our sins’ (Lightfoot, Colossians , p. 137).

Eph. 1:14: ‘unto the redemption of God's own possession’ ( eij" ajpoluvtrwsin th'" peripoihvsew" )—this, and the consequent ‘praise of His glory,’ being the final cause of the work of Christ and of the Mission of the Spirit (vs. 13).

Eph. 4:30: ‘in Whom ye were sealed unto a day of redemption ’ ( eij" hJmevran ajpolutrwvsew" ).

The ‘redemption’ is of captives from bondage—from the bondage of sin.

( c ) In the Pastoral Epistles lutrou'sqai occurs once: Tit. 2:14 i{na lutrwvshtai hJma'" ajpo; pavsh" ajnomiva" , and ajntivlutron once, 1 Tim. 2:6 Cristo;" jIhsou'", oJ dou;" eJauto;n ajntivlutron uJpe;r pavntwn .

( d ) In 1 Peter 1:18 ouj fqartoi'"...ejlutrwvqhte ejk th'" mataiva" uJmw'n ajnastrofh'"...ajlla; timivw/ ai{mati —we have some ‘words— apparently founded on Is. 52:3 ( ouj meta; ajrgurivou lutrwqhvsesqe )’: while ‘the idea of the whole passage is—deliverance through the payment of a costly ransom by another’ (Hort, ad loc. ).

( e ) In the Epistle to the Hebrews we have luvtrwsi" at Heb. 9:12 aijwnivan luvtrwsin euJravmeno" and ajpoluvtrwsi" at 9:15 eij" ajpoluvtrwsin tw'n ejpi; th'/ prwvth/ diaqhvkh/ parabavsewn as well as at 11:35 ouj prosdexavmenoi t. ajpoluvtrwsin .

Christ ‘entered in once for all into the Holy place, having obtained an eternal Redemption ’—an eternal, not a temporary, deliverance for His people ( oujc eJautw'/, pw'" ga;r oJ ajnamavrthto"… ajlla; tw'/ law'/ aujtou' . Oecumenius). He is Mediator of a New Covenant, that a death having taken place ‘ for redemption from the transgressions that were under the first covenant they that have been called may receive’ what had been promised—an eternal inheritance.

( f ) In the Synoptic Gospels, besides ‘our Lord's saying in Matt. 20:28 (=Mark 10:45) “The Son of Man came not to be ministered unto, but to minister kai; dou'nai th;n yuch;n aujtou' luvtron (a ransom) ajnti; pollw'n ”—the starting-point of this and all similar language in the Epistles’ (Hort on ejlutrwvqhte , 1 Pet. 1:18)— we have

Lk. 1:68: ejpoivhsen luvtrwsin tw'/ law'/ aujtou' (from LXX. of Ps. 111:9 luvtrwsin ajpevsteilen tw'/ law'/ aujtou' ).

Lk. 2:38: toi'" prosdecomevnoi" luvtrwsin jIsrahvl .


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