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The Unseen World.

Of the relation of Man to the Unseen St Paul speaks ( a ) in earlier Epistles: 1 Cor. 2:9 f.: ‘things which eye saw not and ear heard not.’ (Is. 64:4.) 2 Cor. 4:18: ‘while we look not at the things which are seen ( ta; blepovmena ), but at the things which are not seen ( ta; mh; blepovmena ): for the things which are seen are temporal; but the things which are not seen are eternal.’

Rom. 1:20: ‘For the invisible things ( ta; ajovrata ) of Him from the Creation of the world are clearly seen ( kaqora'tai ), being understood ( noouvmena ) by means of the things that are made ( toi'" poihvmasin ), even His everlasting power and Godhead.’

( b ) in the Colossian and Ephesian Epistles. Col. 1:15 ff.: ‘things visible and things invisible—thrones or dominions or principalities or powers.’

Eph. 1:3: ‘The God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, Who blessed us in all spiritual blessing in the heavenly order ( oJ eujloghvsa" hJma'" ejn pavsh/ eujlogiva/ pneumatikh'/ ejn toi'" ejpouranivoi" ) in Christ.’

Eph. 1:20: ‘when He raised Him from the dead and made Him to sit at His right hand in the heavenly order ( ejn t. ejpouranivoi" ).’

Eph. 2:6: ‘raised us up with Him and made us to sit with Him in the heavenly order.’

Eph. 3:10: ‘to the intent that now to the principalities and the powers in the heavenly order may be made known through the church the manifold wisdom of God.’

Eph. 6:12: ‘our wrestling is—against the principalities, against the powers, against the world-rulers of this darkness, against the spiritual forces of wickedness in the heavenly order.’

Cf. Phil. 3:20 hJmw'n ga;r to; polivteuma ejn oujranoi'" uJpavrcei, ejx ou| kai; swth'ra ajpekdecovmeqa k.t.l. and 2 Tim. 4:18 rJuvsetaiv me oJ kuvrio" ajpo; panto;" e[rgou ponhrou', kai; swvsei eij" th;n basileivan aujtou' th;n ejpouravnion .

The expression ta; ejpouravnia [ v. Add. Note, p. 152] is characteristic of the Epistle to the Ephesians.

At Eph. 3:10 ( v. supr. ) we have reference to intelligences of the heavenly order, to whom ‘the manifold wisdom of God’ should be made known through the Church; while at 2:2 is indicated organisation of powers of evil ( kata; to;n a[rconta th'" ejxousiva" tou' ajevro" ), to whose assaults we are exposed, and at 6:12 man's connexion with another—a spiritual—order, in which work powers of evil ( pro;" ta; pneumatika; th'" ponhriva" ejn t. ejpouranivoi" ).

The devil ( oJ diavbolo" ).

( a ) ‘Nor give place to the devil’ (4:27)—‘the devil’—the Tempter [to whom] unchecked passion leaves open the way.

( b ) ‘That ye may be able to stand against the wiles of the devil’—‘the devil’—the supreme leader of the powers of evil.

The word does not occur elsewhere in St Paul except in the Pastoral Epistles (1 Tim. 3:6, 7; 2 Tim. 2:26).

( c ) The title ‘the Evil One’ ( oJ ponhrov" ), occurring in Matt. 5:37, 6:13, 13:19, 38;


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