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clubs. The original reading of D 2 ( ajpetumpanivsqhsan ) expresses more distinctly ‘beaten to death.’

Philo speaks of the spectacles of the early part of festival days as consisting in jIoudai'oi mastigouvmenoi, kremavmenoi, trocizovmenoi, katadikazovmenoi, dia; mevsh" th'" ojrchvstra" ajpagovmenoi th;n ejpi; qanavtw/ ( in Flacc. § 10, ii. p. 529).

The whole description which he gives of the sufferings of the Jews should be compared with this passage ( l. c. , cc. 10, 20). ouj prosdex. th;n ajpol. ] when they did not in fact accept the deliverance which was placed within their reach: 2 Macc. 6:21; 7:27. For prosdevxasqai see Heb. 10:34 note.
i{na kreivtt. ajnast. tuvc. ] a resurrection better than the mere restoration to the remnant of an earthly life gained by the acceptance of the offered deliverance. Comp. 7:19. For ajn. tuvc. see Lk. 20:35.

The comparison between the resurrection to eternal life and the resurrection to an earthly life, though it is not made directly, lies implicitly in kreivttono" , as interpreted by the Maccabean history: 2 Macc. 7:9, 14. The patristic commentators generally dwell on this: kreivttono", ouj toiauvth" oi{a" ta; paidiva tw'n gunaikw'n, h] kreivttono" para; th;n tw'n loipw'n ajnqrwvpwn
( ejxanavstasi" Phil. 3:11)... kai; a[llw" o{ti eij" zwh;n aijwvnion (Theophlct).

Heb. 11:36. e{teroi dev ] The apostle goes on to notice a second class among those ( a[lloi ) who shewed their faith not in conquering but in bearing. Some endured death, some endured afflictions less in immediate extent, yet no less terrible as trials of endurance.

For a[lloi, e{teroi see 1 Cor. 12:8 ff.; Gal. 1:6 f. with Lightfoot's note. pei'ran e[labon ] Heb. 11:29. They experienced sufferings which were sharp and direct ( ejmp. kai; mavst. ...2 Macc. 7:7, 1), strokes on soul and body;
and sufferings also which were dull and long (
desm. kai; ful. ): 1 Kings 22:27; Jere. 37; 29:26; 1 Macc. 13:12; 2 Macc. 7:7, 10. The e[ti dev marks a climax (Acts 2:26 [Luke 14:26, e[ti te ]). The sharp, short trial is easier to bear.

The phrase pei'r. e[laben occurs in LXX. Deut. 28:56 (Aqu. ejpeivrasen ). Heb. 11:37, 38. A fresh summary is given of sufferings to death (if ejpeiravsqhsan be corrupt) (v. 37); and of sufferings short of death (v. 38). ejliqavsqhsan ] Stoning was a characteristic Jewish punishment: 2 Chron. 24:20 f. (Zechariah son of Jehoiada); (Lk. 11:51); Matt. 21:35; 23:37.

Ut Naboth; Jeremias in AEgypto a reliquiis transmigratorum (comp. Tertull. Scorp. 1.8); Ezechiel in Babylone; aliique quamplures in Novo Testamento (Primas.).
ejpeiravsqhsan ] This word seems to be foreign to the context. The reference to Job (Primas., OEcum.) is not satisfactory. Of the many conjectures which have been suggested the most plausible are, ejprhvsqhsan or ejneprhvsqhsan (Philo ad Flacc. § 20; ii. p. 542 M., zw'nte" oiJ me;n ejneprhvsqhsan oiJ de; dia; mevsh" katesuvrhsan ajgora'" e{w" o{la ta; swvmata aujtw'n ejdapanhvqh ).
ejprivsqhsan ] So Isaiah suffered according to tradition: Just. M. Dial. 120; Orig. Ep. ad Afric. § 9, and Wetstein's note.

For the punishment itself see 2 Sam. 12:31; 1 Chron. 20:3; Amos 1:3
(LXX.).
ejn fovn. m. ajpevq. ] Comp. 1 Kings 19:10 tou;" profhvta" sou ajpevkteinan


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