The use in the N. T. of the group of words connected with luvtron is based upon their use in the LXX. All the simple forms ( luvtron, lutrovw, luvtrwsi", lutrwthv" ) are found there together with the compound ajpolutrou'n
(Ex. 21:8 for hd:P; , H7009; Zeph. 3:1 for la'G: , H1457).
The word luvtron , in relation to men, represents rp,K&o , H4111, as a
ransom for a life: Ex. 21:30; 30:12; Num. 35:31 f.; Prov. 13:8 ( ejxivlasma Aq.
Sym. Th.) comp. Prov. 6:35; ryjim] , H4697, as the price of a captive: Is. 45:13;
h~DEp]h; ( hd:P; )H7009 and hL;auG , H1460 as the price of redemption of a slave:
Lev. 19:20, and 25:51 f. (comp. Num. 3:46 ff.; 18:15); and more widely hL;auG ,
H1460, as the price of redemption of land: Lev. 25:24.
The verb lutrou'sqai is very frequent as the translation of la'G: , H1457
and hd:P; , H7009 (of each more than forty times). It is used literally of the
redemption of that which has been alienated: Lev. 25:25 ff. (
lutrwvsetai th;n pra'sin tou' ajdelfou'
); 27:13 ff.; and in a more general sense of deliverance from the power of outward enemies: Ps. 106:2 [107:2], c from the power of sin: Ps. 129:8 [130:8]; Dan. 4:24; and from the power of death: Hos. 13:14. It was specially used of the redemption of Israel from Egypt: Ex. 6:6
(
lutrwvsomai uJma'" ejn bracivoni uJyhlw'/ kai; krivsei mevgalh/
); 15:13; Deut. 7:8; 9:26; 13:5; 2 Sam. 7:23; Ps. 76:16 [77:16]; Mic. 6:4; and of that future redemption of which this was a type: Is. 35:9; 41:14; 43:1, 14).
Luvtrwsi" occurs with the full breadth of the meaning of the verb: of the redemption of a slave (Lev. 25:48), of the firstborn (Num. 18:16), of the people (Ps. 110:8 [111:8]), of the penitent (Ps. 129:7 [130:7]). Comp. Judg. 1:15 (a false reading of the Heb.).
Lutrwthv" , which is not quoted from classical authors, is found in Ps.
18:15 [19:15]; 76:35 [78:35] (for laeGO ). [The form lutrwtaiv in Lev. 25:31, 32 is
wrongly referred to the noun; it is evidently from the verbal lutrwtov" .]
In the N. T. luvtron occurs only in Matt. 20:28 || Mark 10:45 dou'nai th;n yuch;n aujtou' luvtron ajnti; pollw'n . The compound ajntivlutron is found in 1 Tim. 2:6 X. jI. oJ dou;" eJauto;n ajntivlutron uJpe;r pavntwn .
The verb
lutrou'sqai
is comparatively rare. It occurs only three times, Lk. 24:21
o{ti aujtov" ejstin oJ mevllwn lutrou'sqai to;n jIsrahvl
. Tit. 2:14
i{na lutrwvshtai hJma'" ajpo; pavsh" ajnomiva"
. 1 Pet. 1:18
ouj fqartoi'"
...
ejlutrwvqhte ejk th'" mataiva" uJmw'n ajnastrofh'"
...
ajlla; timivw/ ai{mati
.... The variety of
construction in these three passages is strikingly representative, (1) absolutely, (2) with
ajpov
, (3) with
ejk
and the addition of
dat. instr.
jApolutrou'sqai
is not found in N.T.
Luvtrwsi"
occurs Lk. 1:68
ejpoivhsen luvtrwsin tw'/ law'/ aujtou'
. 2:38
toi'" prosdecomevnoi" luvtrwsin jIerousalhvm
. Heb. 9:12
aijwnivan luvtrwsin euJravmeno"
.
jApoluvtrwsi"
is much more common: Lk. 21:28
ejggivzei hJ ajpoluvtrwsi" uJmw'n
. Rom. 3:24
dia; th'" ajp. th'" ejn C. jI.
8:23
th;n ajp. tou' swvmato"
. 1 Cor. 1:30
o}"
(
jIhsou'"
)
ejgenhvqh
...
hJmi'n
...
ajp.
Eph. 1:7 || Col. 1:14
ejn w|/ e[comen th;n ajpoluvtrwsin
.
id.
1:14
eij" ajp. th'" peripoihvsew"
. 4:30
eij" hJmevran ajp.
Heb. 9:15
eij" ajp. tw'n ejpi; th'/ prwvth/ diaqhvkh/ parabavsewn
. 11:35
ouj prosdexavmenoi th;n ajp.