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The use in the N. T. of the group of words connected with luvtron is based upon their use in the LXX. All the simple forms ( luvtron, lutrovw, luvtrwsi", lutrwthv" ) are found there together with the compound ajpolutrou'n

(Ex. 21:8 for hd:P; , H7009; Zeph. 3:1 for la'G: , H1457).

The word luvtron , in relation to men, represents rp,K&o , H4111, as a

ransom for a life: Ex. 21:30; 30:12; Num. 35:31 f.; Prov. 13:8 ( ejxivlasma Aq.

Sym. Th.) comp. Prov. 6:35; ryjim] , H4697, as the price of a captive: Is. 45:13;

h~DEp]h; ( hd:P; )H7009 and hL;auG“ , H1460 as the price of redemption of a slave:

Lev. 19:20, and 25:51 f. (comp. Num. 3:46 ff.; 18:15); and more widely hL;auG“ ,

H1460, as the price of redemption of land: Lev. 25:24.

The verb lutrou'sqai is very frequent as the translation of la'G: , H1457

and hd:P; , H7009 (of each more than forty times). It is used literally of the

‘redemption’ of that which has been alienated: Lev. 25:25 ff. ( lutrwvsetai th;n pra'sin tou' ajdelfou' ); 27:13 ff.; and in a more general sense of deliverance from the power of outward enemies: Ps. 106:2 [107:2], c from the power of sin: Ps. 129:8 [130:8]; Dan. 4:24; and from the power of death: Hos. 13:14. It was specially used of the ‘redemption’ of Israel from Egypt: Ex. 6:6
(
lutrwvsomai uJma'" ejn bracivoni uJyhlw'/ kai; krivsei mevgalh/ ); 15:13; Deut. 7:8; 9:26; 13:5; 2 Sam. 7:23; Ps. 76:16 [77:16]; Mic. 6:4; and of that future ‘redemption’ of which this was a type: Is. 35:9; 41:14; 43:1, 14).

Luvtrwsi" occurs with the full breadth of the meaning of the verb: of the redemption of a slave (Lev. 25:48), of the firstborn (Num. 18:16), of the people (Ps. 110:8 [111:8]), of the penitent (Ps. 129:7 [130:7]). Comp. Judg. 1:15 (a false reading of the Heb.).

Lutrwthv" , which is not quoted from classical authors, is found in Ps.

18:15 [19:15]; 76:35 [78:35] (for laeGO ). [The form lutrwtaiv in Lev. 25:31, 32 is

wrongly referred to the noun; it is evidently from the verbal lutrwtov" .]

In the N. T. luvtron occurs only in Matt. 20:28 || Mark 10:45 dou'nai th;n yuch;n aujtou' luvtron ajnti; pollw'n . The compound ajntivlutron is found in 1 Tim. 2:6 X. jI. oJ dou;" eJauto;n ajntivlutron uJpe;r pavntwn .

The verb lutrou'sqai is comparatively rare. It occurs only three times, Lk. 24:21 o{ti aujtov" ejstin oJ mevllwn lutrou'sqai to;n jIsrahvl . Tit. 2:14 i{na lutrwvshtai hJma'" ajpo; pavsh" ajnomiva" . 1 Pet. 1:18 ouj fqartoi'" ... ejlutrwvqhte ejk th'" mataiva" uJmw'n ajnastrofh'" ... ajlla; timivw/ ai{mati .... The variety of
construction in these three passages is strikingly representative, (1) absolutely, (2) with
ajpov , (3) with ejk and the addition of dat. instr. jApolutrou'sqai is not found in N.T.

Luvtrwsi" occurs Lk. 1:68 ejpoivhsen luvtrwsin tw'/ law'/ aujtou' . 2:38 toi'" prosdecomevnoi" luvtrwsin jIerousalhvm . Heb. 9:12 aijwnivan luvtrwsin euJravmeno" .
jApoluvtrwsi" is much more common: Lk. 21:28 ejggivzei hJ ajpoluvtrwsi" uJmw'n . Rom. 3:24 dia; th'" ajp. th'" ejn C. jI. 8:23 th;n ajp. tou' swvmato" . 1 Cor. 1:30 o}" ( jIhsou'" ) ejgenhvqh ... hJmi'n ... ajp. Eph. 1:7 || Col. 1:14 ejn w|/ e[comen th;n ajpoluvtrwsin . id. 1:14 eij" ajp. th'" peripoihvsew" . 4:30 eij" hJmevran ajp. Heb. 9:15 eij" ajp. tw'n ejpi; th'/ prwvth/ diaqhvkh/ parabavsewn . 11:35 ouj prosdexavmenoi th;n ajp.


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