§ 78. Verbs Defectiva.
vB to be ashamed.HiphÇiÖl vybihe ( inferred fromt'Avñybih/ ), but alsovybiho; vybiAh , as if fromvby , on the analogy of verbsw¾¾p ; also in Is 30:5 theQereÖ requiresvybiho , where theKethiÖbh hasvyaib.hi fromva;B' .
bAj to be good. PerfectbAj ; but imperfectbj;yyI andHiphÇiÖl byjiyhe frombj;y" (but cf.t'boñyjih/ 2 K 10:30).
rnOy" to be afraid. Imperfect,rWgy" (fromrWG ).
#q;y" to awake, only in the imperf.#q;yyI ; for the perfect, theHiphÇiÖl #yqihe is used (from#Wq ).
#p;n" to break in pieces. Imperfect#Wpy" (from#WP ). Imperative.#WP .NiphÇal #Apn" .PiÇeÒl #PegI (from#p;n" ).PoÖleÒl #ceAP (from#WP ). Reflexive#ceAPt.hi .HiphÇil #ypihe . Also#Pec.Pi Jb 16:12.
bc;n" (Qal in post-biblical Hebrew, in Aramaic and Arabic) to place, whence (possibly)NiphÇal bC;nI andHiphÇiÖl byCihi (see above, § 71); butHithpaÇeÒl bCey:t.hi .
ht'v' to drink, used in Qal; but in Hiph.hq'v.hi to give to drink, from a Qalhq'v' which is not used in Hebrew.
On%l;h' ¿%l;y"À to go, see above, § 69 x.
Rem. 1. To the same category belong also, to a certain extent, those cases where the tenses or moods not in use in one conjugation, are supplied by forms having the same meaning in other conjugations of the same verb, Thus: c
@s;y" to add. The infinitive (but cf. § 69 h, note) and imperfect, unused in Qal, are supplied by theHiphÇiÖl @ysiAh; @ysiAy (on@seAy as imperfect indicative, see § 109 d, cf. also § 109 i).
lv;K' to stumble. Perfect from Qal, imperfect fromNiphÇal.
vgn to approach, unused in perf. Qal, instead of whichNiphÇal vG:nI is used; but imperfectvG:yI , imperativevG: , and infinitivetX,G<Ð from Qal only are in use.
hx'n" to lead. Perfect usuallyhx'n" in Qal, so imperativehxen> , but imperfect and infinitive always inHiphÇiÖl.
÷tn to be poured out. PerfectNiphÇal %T;nI with imperfect Qal%T;yI , but the perfect Qal and imperfectNiphÇal are not in use.
2. The early grammarians often speak of mixed forms (formae mixtae), i. e. forms which unite the supposed character and meaning of two different tenses, genders, or conjugations. Most of the examples adduced are at once set aside by accurate grammatical analysis; some others appear to have arisen from misapprehension and inaccuracy, especially from erroneous views of unusual plene forms. Others, again, are either merely wrong readings or represent an intentional confiation of two different readings.