§ 50. The Participle.

a

1. Qal has both an active participle, called PoÖÇeÒl from its form (l[ePo), and a passive, PaÒÇuÖl (lW[P').1

PaÒÇuÖl is generally regarded as a survival of a passive of Qal, which still exists throughout in Arabic, but has been lost in Hebrew (see, however, § 52 e), just as in Aramaic the passives of PiÇeÒl and HiphÇiÖl are lost, except in the participles. But instances of the form qutæÌaÒl are better regarded as remnants of the passive participle Qal (see § 52 s), so that lW[P' must be considered as an original verbal noun; cf. Barth, Nominalbildung, p. 173 ff.

b

2. In the intransitive verbs mid. e and mid. o, the form of the participle active of Qal coincides in form with the 3rd sing. of the perfect, e. g. !vey" sleeping, from !vey"; rAgy" (only orthographically different from the perf. rgOy") fearing; cf. the formation of the participle in NiphÇal, § 51 a. On the other hand, the participle of verbs mid. a takes the form ljeqo (so even from the transitive anEf' to hate, part. anEf). The of these forms has arisen through an obscuring of the , and is therefore unchangeable, cf. § 9 q. The form lj'q' (with a changeable QamesÌ, in both syllables), which would correspond to the forms !vey" and rgOy", is only in use as a noun, cf. § 84a f. The formation of the participle in PiÇeÒl, HiphÇiÖl, and HithpaÇeÒl follows a different method.

c

3. Participles form their feminine (hl'j.q†o or tl,j,ñqo) and their plural like other nouns (§ 80 e, § 84a r, s, § 94).

d

Rem. 1. From the above it follows, that the of the form !vey" is lengthened from , and consequently changeable (e. g. fem. hn"vey>); and that the of ljeqo on the other hand is obscured from an unchangeable .2 In Arabic the verbal adjective of the form qaçtiçl corresponds to the form qaÒtÌeÒl, and the part. qaÖtiçl to qoÖtÌeÒl. In both cases, therefore, the of the second syllable is lengthened from , and is consequently changeable (e. g. ljeqo, plur. ~ylij.q†o; rbeK', constr. pl. ydeb.Ki).

e

%ymiAT y Ps 16:5, instead of the form qoÖtÌeÒl, is an anomaly; it is possible, however, that %ymeAT (incorrectly written fully) is intended (cf. bybeso 2 K 8:21), or even the imperfect Hiph'il of %m;y". The form @siyO; in Is 29:14, 38:5 appears to stand for @seyO, but most probably the Masora here (as certainly in @ysi!y Ec 1:18) intends the 3rd sing. imperf. Hiph., for which the better form would be @seAy; lybiAa 1 Ch 27:30, being a proper name and a foreign word, need not be considered.—db;ao (constr. state of dbeao), with in the second syllable, ocours in Dt 32:28 (cf. moreover, § 65 d). On ~l,Ahñ Is 41:7 (for ~leAh), see § 29 f.

f

2. A form like the pass. ptcp. PaÒÇuÖl, but not to be confused with it, is sometimes found from intransitive verbs, to denote an inherent quality, e. g. !Wma' faithful; vWna' desperate, Jer 15:18, &c.; x;WjB' trustful, Is 26:3, y Ps 112:7; ~Wc[' strong; rWkv' drunken, Is 51:21; and even from transtive verbs, zWxa' handling, Ct 3:8; rWkz" mindful, y Ps 103:14; [;Wdy" knowing, Is 53:3; cf. § 84a m.

Footnotes:

1[1] The constr. st. ~aun> in the formula hwhy ~an, the word (properly the whispering) of the Lord, &c., is always written defectively.