§ 70. verbs y¾¾p. Second Class, or Verbs properly y¾¾p, e. g. bj;y" to be good. Paradigm L.

Brockelmann, Semit. Sprachwiss., p. 143 ff.; Grundriss, p. 603 ff.

Verbs properly y¾¾p differ from verbs w¾¾p in the following points:

a

1. In Qal the initial YoÖdh never suffers aphaeresis or elision; hence the infinitive has the form vby>,1 the imperfect bj;yyIà#q;yyIàqn:yyI (in pause qn"yyI), also written bj;yI, &c.; and so always with a tone-bearing aç in the second syllable, even after waÒw consec., e. g. #q;ñyYIw:, except #q,yYIñw: Gn 9:24, and rc,yYIòw: Gn 2:7, 19, unless rc;y" is to be included among verbs w¾¾p (cf. rc;An Is 43:10).

b

2. In HiphÇiÖl the original form byjiy>h; is regularly contracted to byjiyhe (rarely written byjiheàbjiyhe, &c.); imperfect byjiyyEàbj,yYEòw:. Instances of the uncontracted form are Wrviñy>y: Pr 4:25, according to Barth (see above, § 67 p), an example of an i-imperfect of Qal, since the HiphÇiÖl is otherwise always causative; rv;y>h; (imperative) y Ps 5:9 QereÖ (the Keth. requires rvwh according to the form of verbs w¾¾p; cf. Is 45:2, rvwa Keth., rVeyEa] QereÖ), cf. Gn 8:17 QereÖ; ~ynIymiy>m; 1 Ch 12:2, to be explained as a denominative from !ymiy"È ~reysiy>a; Ho 7:12 (§ 24 f, note), but perhaps the punctuation here is only intended to suggest another reading ~reS.y:a].

c

Rem. 1. The only verbs of this kind are: bj;y" to be good (only in the imperfect Qal and in HiphÇil; in the perfect Qal bAj, a verb W¾¾[, is used instead), qn:y" to suck, #q;y" to awake, rc;y" to form (but see above, a), ll;y" only in HiphÇil lyliyhe to bewail, rv;y" to be straight, right, also vbey" (Arabic yaçbiçsaç) to be dry (but HiphÇil vybiAh 2 S 19:6, on the analogy of verbs w¾¾p; on Is 30:5, cf. § 72 x), and the HiphÇil !ymiyhe (denominative from !ymiy"), infin. !ymihel. 2 S 14:19 to go to the right.

d

2. In some examples of the imperfect HiphÇil the preformative has been subsequently added to the contracted form: byjiyEy> Jb 24:21; lyliyEy> Is 15:2, 3, 16:7; lyliyEa] Jer 48:31; plur. WlyliñyEy> Ho 7:14, cf. Is 65:14. QimhÌi and others explain the above forms from a phonetic interchange of YoÖdh and He, arising from the unsyncopated forms lyliyhey>, &c. (cf. Is 52:5). It is, perhaps, more correct to suppose that the regular forms (byjiyyEi lyliyyE) were originally intended, but that in the later pronunciation the syllable was broken up in order to restore artificially the preformative which had become merged in the first radical.

e

Isolated anomalies are: perfect HiphÇil ytiboj)iyhew> Ez 36:11 with separating vowel (for yTib.j;ñyhe) on the analogy of verbs W¾¾[; imperfect byjeyyE for byjiyyE 1 K 1:47; ybij.yT†e (imperfect Qal for ybij.yTi) Na 3:8; WhqeñynIT.w: imperfect HiphÇil Ex 2:9, either an error for  äqnIyT†ew:, or an irregular shortening of the first syllable, caused by the forward movement of the tone. Similarly, the HiphÇil #yqihe (from #Wq) is always used instead of #yqiyhe from #q;y"; hence also t'Acòyqih] yticoòyqih/, imperat. hc'yqiñh', infin. #yqih'.— On WhveñB.Y:w: Na 1:4, see § 69 u).

Footnotes:

1[2] This may be inferred from vbyBi (=  äy>Bi) Is 27:11, which with its fem. tv,bñy> Gn 8:7, is the only example of an infinitive construct Qal of these verbs. No example of the imperative Qal is found: consequently the forms bj;y>, &c. (in Paradigm L of the earlier editions of this Grllmmar), are only inferred from the imperfect.