Index of Subjects

The numbers refer to the sections, except where otherwise indicated.

A-sounds, 8 a, 9 a ff.

Abbreviations, 5 m.

Absolute cases, 143 c N.

Abstract, for concrete, 83 c: abstr. ideas expressed by the feminine, 122 q, r: by fem. in tW-, 86 k: by the plural, 124 a, d–f: with the article, 126 n.

Accents, 3 b: names and laws of, 15: of the poetical books, 15 h, i.

Accentuation, 3 b: double accentuation in certain passages, 15 p.

Accusative expressed by taeÃ, 117: as direct object of verb, 117: syntax of pronominal object and second accus., 117 e: introduced by l (esp. late), 117 n: cognate accus., 117 p–r: pronominal suffix with dative force, 117 x: with verbs of putting on and off, 117 y, being filled, 117 z, dwelling (rare) 117 bb: double accus. (to clothe, present, support, meet, &c. with), 117 cc–gg: accus. of material (to make of), 117 hh: of product (make into), 117 ii: of the part affected, 117 ll: of place, 118 d–g: of nearer definition, 118 h: of time, 118 i–k: of cause, 118 l: defining the manner of an action, 118 m–r, 120 b: construed with passive verb, 121 a, b.

Accusative and infinitive construction 157 b N.

Acrophony, 5 e.

Acrostic poems, 5 h.

Adjectival idea expressed by a substantive in the genitive, 128 o, p, 135 n; by a substantive as predicate, 141 c, d: adjective used as a substantive in the genitive, 128 w, 133 h, cf. with ordinal numerals, 134 p, end: used poetically for a substantive, 132 a N²: rarely stands before the subst., 132 b. See also Attributive ideas.

Adjectives, construction of, with substantives, 132: with the article, 126 u, v: with art. when subst. is without it, 126 w, x and N: without the article when subst. definite, 126 z: syntax of, as predicate in a noun-clause, 145 r.

Adverbs, 100: with suffixes, 100 o, p: adverbial ideas expressed by the infin. abs., 113 h–k: by infin.constr., 114 n and N: by finite verb, 120 d–h.

Adversative clauses, 163.

Afformatives of the perfect, 40 c, 44: of the imperfect, 40 c, 47: of thenoun, 85 s–v, 86 h–l.

Agreement of members of a sentence in gender and number, 145.

Aleph four times with MappiÆq, 14 d: affixed to 3rd plur. perf. (rare), 23 i, 44 l: verbs a¾¾p, 68.

Aleph prostheticum, 19 m and N.

Alphabet, old Hebrew, 5 a: origin of, 5 g.

Alphabetic poems, 5 h.

Amarna letters 2 b N³, 2 f and N⁴.

Anacoluthon 167 b.

Answers, affirmative, 150 n: negative, 150 n.

Any one, 139 d.

Aphaeresis 19 h, i, 66 a–c, 69 b, c, f–h.

Apocope, 19 l: in verbs h¾¾l, 75 k.

Aposiopesis, 117 l, 167 a.

Appellatives, 125 e–g.

Apposition, 127 h, 130 e: in the wider sense, 131: to express attribute, material, contents, measure, &c., 131 c–e.

Arabic language and Arabisms, 1 b, m, 22 s, 24 g N, 35 l and N², 44 a, 47 a N, 48 b, 58 l.

Aramaic language and Aramaisms, 1 c, m, 2 q, t, 24 e, 44 c, 47 a N, c N: PiºeÒl, 52 a: NuÖn epentheticum, 58 i–l: Aram. forms of verbs, [¾¾[Ã 67 g: of verbs W¾¾[Ã, 72 ee: of verbs h¾¾lÈ, 75 hh: Aram. termination ot the feminine, 80 h: of the plural, 87 e.

Araq a1-Emir, inscription of, 5 a.

Archaisms, 2 k, q: supposed, in the Pentateuch, 2 n.

Article, 35: syntax ot, 126: with demonstrative force, 126 a, b: beforenames of classes, 126 l–n: in comparisons, 126 0, cf. p: with the attributive, 126 u–x: used as a relative, 138 i, k: punctuation of, 35 a–k, o: rarely retained after prepositions, 35 n: original form of, 35 l: a elided after it, 35 d: omitted with hz<àtaozàhL,ae after a subst. with pronom. suff., 126 y: found anomalously with a noun in constr. st., 127 f–i.

Ashdod, language of, 2 w.

Asher, ben, 7 h N².

Aspirates, 6 n.

Asseverations, 149.

Assimilation, 19 b–f, 54 c, d, 66 d–g: of wand y 71: 'backward-assimilation,' 19 f N.

Assuan papyri, 1 m.

Assyrian language, 1 d.

Asyndeton, cases of, 120 g, h, 154 a N (a).

AlhÖ merahiÖq, 20 f, g.

AthnaÆl, chief divider of Verse in prose, 15 f: secondary divider in poetry 15 h.

Attraction, cases of, 145 u N³, 146 a.

Attribute, see Adjective.

Attributive ideas expressed by vyaià-#Deàl[;D;Ãfollowed by a genitive, 128 s–v: by the genitive, 128 o, p, 135 m: by a substantive in apposition, 131 c–e: by a subst. as predicate, 141 c, d: negative expressed by a noun-clause, 152 u, v. See also Adjectival idea.

Babylonian language, 1 a, d, e, i.

Babylonian punctuation, 42 N³.

B^egadk^ephath letters, 3 d, 6 n, 12 a, 13 c: aspiration of 21.

Ben Asher's recension of the text, 7 h N².

Ben Naphthali' recension of the text, 7 h N².

Beth essentiae, 119 i: pretii, 119 p.

Bodily and mental defects denoted by adjectives of the form lJeqiÃ, 84^b d.

Boustrophedon, 1 k N², 5 d N³.

Canaanite branc of the Semitic languages, 1 b (ii).

Canaamte glosses In the cuneiform tablets of Tell el-Amarna, 2 f N¹.

Cardinal numbers, 97.

Case-endings, remains of early, 90: h¤' as locative, 90 c e, of time, 90 h, in place-names and as a poetical form without meaning, 90 f, g with N: punctuation and tone, 90 i: yI¤iÃ, 90 k–m, o: wO- and WÃ 90 k, n, o.

Cases, absolute, 143 c N: instrumental, 144 m N.

Casus pendens, various uses of 111 h, 112 n, t, mm, oo, 116 u, 143, 159 i.

Causal clauses, 106, 112 nn: syntax of, 158.

Chaldee, incorrect use of the term, 1 c N.

Changes of consonants, 19.

Chiasmus in the arrangement of words in parallel members of a verse, 114 r N, 142 f N.

Circumstantial clauses, 156: expressing negative qualities, 152 u: noun-clauses, 156 c: verbal, 156 d.

Citation, formulae of, 150 e.

Cognate accusative, 117 p–r.

Cohortative, 48 b: form of, 48 c, d: meaning, 48 e: syntax of, 108: very rare in verbs h¾¾lÃ, 75 l.

Coins, Hebrew, 2 d (4).

Collective nouns, 123 a, b: in fem. sing., 122 s: names of classes used collectively, 126 l–p: with the plural of the adj. or ptcp., 132 g: with the predicate in the plur. masc., 145 b–e, in 3rd pl. fem., 145 c¿!aocÀÃ in masc. sing., 145 f, in sing. followed by plur., 145 g, in fem. sing., 145 k (cf. 135 p).

Common gender, 122 b, d.

Comparatio decurtata, 118 r N, 133 e N.

Comparative, expression of, 133 a–f.

Comparative clauses, 161.

Comparison, use of article in, 126 o, p.

Compensatory lengthening, 25 a, 27 c, e–h

Composition of words, 30 p, (b), r, 81 d, 152 a N: of particles, 99 e.

Compound ideas, how thrown into the plural, 124 p–r: with the article, 127 e: with suffixes, 135 n.

Compounds formed by aol, with a sub-stantive or adjective, 152 a N.

Concessive clauses, 160.

Concord of subject and object in gender and number, 145 a–t: cases of false concord, 145 u.

Conditional sentences, perfect in, 106 p: imperf. in, 107 x: cohortative in, 108 e, f: jussive in, 109 h: imperat. in 110 f: ptcp. in, 159 v: ptcp. without ~ai, 116 w, 159 i: Perf. consec. in apodosis, 112 ff–mm: different types of, 159: without conditional particle, 112 kk, u, 159 b–k.

Conjugations, or verba derivata, 38 b, 39 c, d: number and arrangement of, 39 e–f: NiphºiÖl, 51: PiºeÒ1 and Pu‘al, 52: Hiphºil and Hophºa, 53: HithpaºeÒl, 54: the less common conjugations, 39 g, 55: conjugation of aim. or attack (PoÖeÒl), 55 c.

Conjunctions, 104.

Conjunctive accents 15 g, i.

Consecutio temporum, perf. and imperf. with waÒw consec., 49: perf.

Consecutive clauses, 107 u: syntax of 166.

Consonants, 5: changes of, 19: pronunciation and division of, 6: transcription of their names, 5 f N: weak consonants, 7 a–g: softening of, 19 o.

Constructio ad sensum, 132 g, 145 a–l asyndetos, 120 g, h, 154 a N (a): praegnans, 119 x, y, ff, gg.

Continuous action expressed by infin.abs., 113 s–u.

Continuous progress expressed by duplication of a word, 133 k.

Contraction of vowels, 7 a.

Co-ordination of verbal ideas instead of subordination, 120.

Copula, see waÒw copulativum: verbal, how expressed, 141 f–h.

Cuneiform inscriptions, 1 d, m N¹ 5 g (b), 6 b.

Dagesë forte, 12: in place of a letter assimilated, 19 b–f: orthophonicum, 20 g, 13 c: necessarium, compensativum, characteristicum, 20 a: euphonicum, 20 c: conjunctivum, 20 c–f: dirimens, 20 h: affectuosum, 20 i: firmativum, 20 k: implicitum, 20 m, 22 c: omission of, 20 l, m: in gutturals, 22 b, s: occasionally in, r, 22 q(a), s: four times in a (acc. to others MappiÖq), 14 d: omitted sometimes in 2nd radical of verbs [¾¾[, 67 g dd. see alsoStrengthening.

Dagesë lene, 13, 21: after hwhy (i.e. yn"doa]), 21 c: omitted anomalously after consonantal w and y, 21 c: exceptional cases of (bB.àkB.àpB.àmB.), 21 d.

Dative, 119 s.

Dativus ethicus, 119 s, 135 i: dative expressed by a suffix, 117 x.

Decalogue, double accentuation of 15 p.

DehÌiÖq, 20 c.

Denommatlve nouns, see Nouns: verbs, see Verb.

Desiderative sentences, 151.

Determination of nouns, 125: omission of it, 117 q, 126 p: determination of proper names, 125 c–f:

Determination by the article, l26: by a following determinate genitive, 127: determination of numerals, 134 k.

Diacritical points, see Puncta extraordonaria.

Dialects in the O.T., 2 w.

Diminutives, 86 g and N.

Diphthongs, 7 a, 8 m, 24 f.

Disjunctive accents, 15 f, h.

Disjunctive questions, 150 f–i.

Dissimilation of vowels, 27 x.

Distributive numerals, 134 q.

Doubling of consonants, see Strengthening.

Dual, 88: with the plural of the adjective, 132 f: with predicate in the plur., 145 n: in numerals, 97 g, h, 134 r: place-names doubtfully so explained, 88 c.

E-sounds, 7 a, b, e, 8 b, 9 i–m.

Each, every, how expressed, 139 b, c.

East Semitic, 1 d.

Elatives, 85 b, 133 a N.

Elegy, rhythm of, in Hebrew, 2 r.

Elision, see Syncope and elision.

Ellipse of the pronominal object, 117 f: other cases of ellipse (real or apparent), 116 s, 118 s N (in comparisons), 134 n (of names of measures, weights, &c.), 144 o (due to corruption).

‘Emblematic Mashal,' 161 a N.

Emphasis expressed by infin. abs., 114 l–r, v–x: by cognate accus., 113 w (end): by. cognate accus. with defining adjective, 117 q: by duplication of a word, 123 e, 133 k, l: by combination of diffrent derivatives from the same root, 133 l: by the article or a genitive (the supet- lativedegree), 133 g–i: by a personal pronoun added to the subject, 135 a, c: by the pronoun annexed in the nominative to the suffix or to a noun, 135 d–h: by ta with the suffix, 135 k: by position, 142 f, g, 152 e (after al), 152 w (after !p).

Emphasis on indeterminate nouns, 117 q, 125 c.

Enallage of gender, 135 o, 144 a.

Epicene nouns, 122 b, e–g.

Epithets, poetical, used as substantives, 132 a N.

Era, Jewish, 5 l.

Ethical dative, 119 s, 135 i.

Ethiopic, 1 b (i), 30 p N.

Exceptive clauses, 163 c.

Exclamations, 146 b (lAq = hark): with hNEhi, 147 b: without hNEhi, 147 c: with other interjections, 47 d: expressing a wish, 148 a–d: in form of a question expressillg irony or indignation, 148 a, b; expressed by yBi, 148 d, 151.

Extension of influence of a preposition over a parallel clause, 119 hh: of a negative, 152 z: of an interrogative, 150 m: of a conjunction, 150 m N.

Extension, plurals of, 124 a–g.

Feminine, forms of, 80, 94: ending in t¤;, 80 f, t¤' 80 g, y¤;, 80 l: in the constr. state, 89 e: in the plural, 87 i–l: paradigms, 95: of a land or people, 122 h, i: of abstract ideas, 122 q: of holders of offices¹, 122 r: of collectives, 122 s: in verb or pronoun to express it, 135 p: In impersonal verbs (it rains), 144 b, c: in the predicate of collective plurals, 145 k (cf. fem. of pronoun referring to collectives, 135 p): dislike of the fem. form, 132 d, 145 p, t: fem. forms of the Infinitive, 45 d, 66 b, g, h, 69 b (C), c: fem. nouns with plur. in ~¤, 87 q: fem. denoting artificial (as opposed to natural) objects, 122 u, in plur. (as opp. to dual), 87 o.

Feminine pronoun = English it, 135 p, 44 b, c.

Figura etymologica, see Schema etymologicum.

Final clauses, 107 q (imperf.), 109 f, g (jussive): syntax of, 165.

Final letters, 5 c.

Formae mixtae, 78 d.

Formative letters, or serviles, 30 c: in formation of nouns, 81 b, 85.

Frequentative force of imperf., 107 b–g: of perf. with waÒw con sec., 112 e–o, cf. kk, ll.

Fulcra, 8 h N.

Futcre tense, 47 a N: futurum exactum, 106 o, 107 i: futurum instans, 116 p.

Ga‘ys, 16 c, g, h.

Ge‘ez, 1 b (i).

Gemara, 1 c, 3 a.

Gender of nouns, 122: in the construction of subject and predicate, 145: irregularities in use of, 110 k, 135 o, 144 a, 145 p, t, u.

Genitive, expression of, 89, 127 a, 128: epexegetical or explicative, 128 k–q, x, y: subjective, 128 g, 135 m: objective, 128 h, 135 m: partitive, 128 i, r: expressing the genus, l, the species, m: expressed periphrastically by l. 129 a–f: by l. rv,a] 129 a, h.

Gentilic names, in y¤i, 86 h: determination of, 125 e: of compounds (as ynIymiy>-!B,), 127 d.

Geographicai names with a following genitive, 125 h: with the article (appellatives), 125 e.

Germanic languages, 1 e.

Gerund, 45 f, g.

Grammarians, early, p. 20 N¹.

Gutturals, pronunclatlon of, 6 c–f, o, r: peculiarities of, 22: in verbal stems, 62–65.

Hadad inscription, 1 m.

HÍatÌeph–Pathah, 10 f, g: shorter than HÍateph–S^eghoÖl 27 r, 63 f.

HÍateph–Qames, 10 f, h.

HÍateph–S^eghoÖl 10 f.

He interrogative, pointing of, 100 k–n He locale, 90 c–i.

Hebrew language, 1 a, b (ii): history of, 2: remains of the literature, 2 d, l, o: dialects of, 2 w: grammatical treatment of, 3: system of writing, 2 i, 5.

Helping vowels, 9 h, m, 28 e (to keep a syllable open), 84^a a, 93 c (in segholates).

Himyaritic, 1 b (i): writing, 1 k N².

HiphºiÖl, 53: 'internal,' 53 d: infinitive pointed Ä, 53 l: the h in infln. elided afterpreposition, 53 q: imperf. with ¤. for ¤i (as Wkr>d>y:), 53 n: with T.m.q;Wh retamed in lmperf. after preformatives, 53 q: denominatives in Hiph., 53 g.

HÍireq, different kinds of, 8 b, 9 g, h: compaginis, 90 k–n.

HithpaºeÒl, 54: sometimes construed with an accusative, 54 f 117 w.

HithpaºleÒl, 55 d, 73 m, 75 kk.

Hlthpalpel, 55 g, 67 l.

Hithpo&#181,ºeÒl, 55 b, 67 l.

Holem, 8 c–g: written defectively, 8 i–l: its origin, 9 p–s: changed to qames in pause, 29 u.

Homogeneous consonants, 6 q: vowels. 34 b, f.

Homorganic consonants, 6 q.

Hoph‘al, 53 b, h, s, t: h in ptcp., 53 s.

Hothpa‘al: 54 b, h, l.

Hypothetical sentences, see Conditional sentences.

I-sounds, 8 b, 9 g, 11: from a 27 s, t: in impf., 47 b: in Niph., 51 a: in Pi, 52 a: in Hiph., 53 a: in nouns with preformative ~LñaKr, 85 f: lengthened to eÒ, 93 c.

Imperative, forms in Qal, 46: shortened and lengthened forms of, 48 i–l, 75 k: with suffixes, 61 f–h: syntax of, 110: infinitive absolute used with force of imperative, 113 bb.

Imperfect, the name, 47 a N: formation and inflexion of, 47: unusual forms of, 47 k: form hnljqt as 3rd fern. sing. or 2nd masc. sing., 47 k: 3rd pl. masc. in !W, 47 m: jussive and cohortative forms of, 48: wlth waÒw consecutive, 49 c–g, 111: with suffixes, 60: its syntax (alone), 107: expressing custom or habit, 107 e, g: with waÒw consec., 111: subordinated to another verb, 120 c.

Imperfect Hiph‘il with ¤. for ¤i (as wbr>d>y:), 53 n: With h retained after preformatives., 53 q.

Impersonal construction of hy"h', &c., 144 b: impersonal passive, 121 a.

Imprecation, formulae of, 149 d.

Incomplete retrocession of the tone, 29 f.

Indefinite subject of verb, expressed by 3rd masc. sing., 144 d, e, by 3rd plur., 144 f, g, by 2nd sing. masc. (rare), 144 h, by ptcp. plur., 144 i, by passive, k.

Indeterminateness expressing amplification, 125 c.

Indogermanic laguages compared, 1 e, g, h, i (loan-words in) 10 e N¹, 20 l N, 22 c N, 27 t N, 31 a, 33 a, 51 c–e, 52 f N, 53 g N, 99 b and N, 132 a N, 133 b N¹, 135 i N, q N, 145 k N¹, 155 b N

Infinitive, 45: with suffixes 61 a–e use of the infinitive absolute, 113: as a casus adverbialis 113 h–k: to strengthen the idea of the verb, 113 l–r: in place of the finite verb, 113 y–gg: infinitive construct, unusual forms in Qal, 45 c–e, in PiºeÒl, 53 p (cf. 84^b e), in Hiphºi&#l98;l, 53 l, 86 k, in HithpaºeÒl, 54 k: of !t;n", 66 i: in verbs [¾¾[ 67 o: in y¾¾p 69 m with N: inW¾¾[ (Hiph.) 72 z, cf. 85 c: a¾¾l 74 h, 75 qq: h¾¾l, 75 n (cf. 69 m N), ff, kk: syntax of the infln. constr., 114: with l to express a future, 114 h–k, obligation, 114 l, as object of another verb, 114 m, gerundial, 114 o. after l.W, 114 p: infinitive construct continued by a finite verb, 114 r how negatived, 114 s: construction with subject and object, 115: infinitive HiphºiÖl pointed -hi, 53 l, with h elided after preposition, 53 q: Niphºal with h elided, 51 l.

Instrument, introduced by B., 119 o: accusative as a supposed casus instrumentalis, 144 m N.

Interjections, 30 s, 105: syntax of, 148.

Interpunctuation, the accents as marks of, 15 d, m–o.

Interrogative sentences. 107 t, 150: disjunctive, 150 c, g, indirect, 150 i: expressmg. a wish, 151 a, b: expressed without an interrog. particle, 150 a, b.

Interrogative words and particles, 150 c, d.

Involved series of sentences, 167 c.

Jews, Jewish, 2 a.

Jussive forms of 48 a–c, f–h: Syntax of, 109: used absolutely, 109 b, c depending on another verb, 109 f, g, i: in conditional scntences, 109 h, 159 d: jussive forms in poetry without jussive force, 109 k.

Kaph veritatis, 118 x.

K^ethiÖbh, 17 a–c.

Lamed auctoris, 129 c.

Lamentation metre, 2 r.

Letters, forms and names of, 5 a, b, e, f: final, 5 c: order of, 5 h, i: numerical value, 5 k.

Litterae dilatabiles, 5 d: maiusculae, minusculae, suspensae, 5 n: spirantes, 6 n: quiescibiles, 8 h N, 23: inconipatibiles, 30 m N: serviles, 30 g, 81 b: compaginis, 90 k–o.

Loan-words in Hebrew and Greek, 1 i.

Locative, 90 a, c–i.

Mandaeans, 1 c.

MappiÖq, 8 m.N¹, 14 a–d: omitted in 3rd fem. sing. suffix of verb, 58 g: . of noun, 91 e: in Hl'. 103 g (end): found four times in a, 14 d.

MaqqeÒph, 9 u (c, d), 16 a, b.

Masculine as prior gender, 122 g, 146 d: masc. nouns with plur. in tA-, 87 m–p.

Masora and Masoretic text, 3 b, c: masora marginalis (magna and parva) and finalis, 17 d, e.

Masoretic terms explaiued, 17 e.

Material expressed by the genitive, 128 o, 135 n.

Matres lectionis, 8 h N.

Mesçaº inscription, 1 b (ii), k, 2 d, final vowels in, 7 b–d N¹: $na=ykinIa†',. p. 105 N: ah=aWh, 32 k N: waÓw consecutive, 49 a N: the forms ~%tlh, &c., 54 l: tpsl 69 h N: wn[a, 75 b N: fem. sing. abs. in tÄ 80 f N: plur. masc. in !Ä, 87 e N: suffixes, 91 k N: the imperfect 107 b N : impf. consec. 111 h N: article omitted with taz though the noun has it, 126 y: use of the deseparate pronoun, 135 a N: casus pendens, 143 b N.

Metathesis, see Transposition.

Metheg, distinguishing aÒ from oë, 9 u, v: marks secondary tone, 15 c 29 b, 20: various kinds of, 16 c–i; with short vowel in open syllable, 26 i–l (but cf. o N): with sere in closed ultima, 29 f: in perf. consec. 49 i.

Metere in Hebrew, 2 r.

MilºeÒl and Milra‘, 15 c, 20 f.

Mishna, 3 a.

Mixed forms, 78 d.

Moods, expression of, 40 a, 106 p, 107 m–x: modus rei repetitae (im- perf. as frequentative), 107 e.

Multiplicatives (once, twice, &c.), how expressed, 134 r.

Nabataean inscriptions. 1 c.

Naphthali, ben, 7 h N.

Names of countries, peoples, and towns, fem., 122 i: of places and peoples with the article, 125 d N, e: with a following genitive, 125 h.

Nasog. ahÌor, 29 e.

Negative sentences, 152.

Negatives, 152: two negatives intensify negation, 152 y: influence extending over a following clause, 152 z.

Neuter, wanting in Hebrew, 80 a: expressed by feminine, 122 q with N, 135 p: by plur. of adjectives, 122 q: by suffix of 3rd plur., 135 p: in Pronoun, 136 b in verb 1 b, c.

Nlph‘al, 51: tolerativum, 51 c: refound flexive and reciprocal senses of, 51 c–e: infin. with h elided after a preposition, 51 l.

NithqatteÒ1, 55 k (9).

Nomen regens and rectum, 89 a.

Nomen unitatis, 122 t.

Nomiuativus pendens resumed by a pronoun, 143.

North Semitic, 1 c.

Nota accusativi, 57: when used, 117 a–e.

Nothing, no one, how expressed, 139 d.

Noun-clauses, ptcp. in, 116 m–r: defined, 140 a: syntax of, 141: shortened unusually (rare), 147 e: negatived, by !yae and al{, 152 a, d, i–m: relative, 155 e.

Noun-forms with verbal force (nomina verbi), 45 e (with prefixed m), 115 d.

Nouns, derivation and various kinds of, 81: primitive, 30 f, 79 a, 82: on nouns in general, 83: forms deseparate rived from the simple stem, 84^a from intensive stems, 84^b: nouns formed with preformatives (aàhÃm, &c.), 85 b–r, with afformatives, 85 s–v): qudriliterals and quinqueliterals, 85 w: denominatives, 86: with pronominal suffixes, 91: paradigms of, 93: forms with peculiar flexion (ba'à%a', &c.), 96: distinctions of gender in, 122: collectives, 123 a, b: with the article, 126: appellatives, 123 e–g: nomina unitatis, 122 s, t, 123 b: abstracts, see Abstract. See also Names.

Number in the construction of subject and predicate, 145.

Number of words in the O. T., 2 w N.

Numeral adverbs, 124 r.

Numerals, 97: syntax of, 134: order of compound numerals in different books, 134 c N, h, i.

Numeration, ascending (rhetorical figure), cases of, 134 s.

Numerical signs, 5 k.

NuÖn paragogicum, in imperf., 47 m: in perf. (?), 44 l: assimilation of NuÖn, 19 b, c, 66 d: NuÖn energicum (demonstrativum, epentheticum), 58 i–l: inversum, 5 n.

O-sounds, 8 c, d, 9 p–s.

Oaths, formulae of, 149.

Object, in the accusative, 117: introduced by l., 143 e: introduced by B. instrumenti, 119 q: absolute or internal (cognate accusative), 117 p, q: dative expressed by accus. suffixes, 117 x.

Object of verb anticipated by pronom. suffix, as in Aram., 131 m, o.

Object-clauses, 157.

Occupations denoted by nouns of the form lJ'q;, 84^b b.

Old Hebrew, 1 k, 2 a.

"OÖleÊ w^eyoÖreÓdh, principal divider of verse in poetry, 15 b.

One, indefinite, how expressed, 144 d–k.

Onomatopoetica, 1 h, 30 h.

Optative, 109 b, c.

Oratio obliqua, how expressed, 157.

Order of the alphabet, 5 h, i.

Order of words, 114 r N (chiasmus): in noun-clauses, 141 l–n: varieties of, in verbal clauses, 142 a, f, g: with the infinitive constr., 115 e–k.

Ordinal numbers, 98, 134 o, p.

Oriental and Occidental texts, 7 h N.

Orthography of Hebrew in the masoretic text and previously, 7.

PaÇleÓl, 55 d: in three h¾¾l verbs, 75 kk.

Panammu inscription, 1 m.

Papyri of Assuan, 1 m.

Parallel texts, 3 g.

Parallelism of members, 2 q, 150 h.

Participle, forms of, in Qal, 50: NiphÇal, 51 a: PiÇeÓl and PuÇal, 52 a–c: with aphaeresis of m, 52 s: HiphÇiÖl and HophÇal, 53 a, b: anomalous forms in Hiph., 53 o: with suffix, 61 h: fem. in h¤'e 84^a s, 94 d: plur. in ~y¤ie 93 qq; force of, 107 d: syntax of, 116: construed as verb or noun, 116 f–i: passive ptcp. construed with accus. or genitive, 116 k, l: of imminent future, 116 p: subject with hy"h' (of continuous action), 116 r: subject omitted, 116 s, t: Participle absolute 116 w: continued by finite verb, 116 x.

Particles, 99.

Partitive sense of B., 119 m: of !mi, 119 w N.

Paseq, p. 59 N².

Passive, 39 e, 51 f (NiphÇal): probable passives of Qal, 52 e, 53 u: construction of passives, 121: expressed by the 3rd plur. active, 144 f, g, by the active .participle, 144 i: impersonal passive, 121 a: passive verbs construed with ta, 121 a, b: agent after passive expressed by l.à!mi, and (rarely) B., 121 f.

PathahÌ, 8 a, 9 e: preferred with gutturals, 22 d: furtive, 8 f, 22 f, g, 65 a–e: as a helping vowel, 27 r, 28 c, e N², 65 g, 84^a a: in the imperfect of verbs h¾¾l, 75 bb: in pause for SÍere, 29 q, 51 m: before a guttural (esp. %) with QamesÌ changed to S^eghoÖl 27 q, 29 v: in perf. PiÇeÓl for SÍere, 52 a, l.

Patronymics, 86 h.

Pause, 29 i–v: pausal forms with lesser distinctive accents, 29 i.

P^eÇalÇal, 55 e.

Pentateuch, linguistic character of, 2 m, n.

Perfect, 40: flexion of, 44: 3rd fem. sing. in t¤;, 44 f, 72 o: 2nd fem. sing. in yti, 44 h: 1st sing. in ti, 44 i: 3rd plur. in !W (?), 44 l: did Hebrew possess a 3rd pl. fem. in h¤' ? 44 m: contraction of last radical with afformative of perfect, 44 o: meaning of, 47 a N: with suffixes, 59: syntax of, 106: not precative, 106 n N²: perfectum confidentiae, 106 n: propheticum, 106 n: with w> consec., 49 a, change of tone, h–l, syntax, 112: with w> consec. as a frequentative, 112 e–o, dd, ee: carrying on the protasis, 112 p, introducing the apodosis, 112 ff–ii: with simple w> of a single act, in narrative, 112 pp–uu.

Periphrastic expression of qualities by means of vyaià-!B,àl[;B;, 128 s–v.

Periphrastic future, 114 p–n.

Permutation, 131 k.

Permutative, 131 k–o

Person, abrupt changes of, in poetry, 144 p.

Personification of countries or peoples, 122 i.

Phoenician and Punic language, 1 a, b (ii), 2 f, 10 e N¹, p. 106 N, § 34 N⁴, 36 N, 49 a N, 80 f, 87 d: writing, 1 l, 7 d N.

Phonetic system of Hebrew, 6 o, p.

Phonetics 6 a, b.

PiÇeÓl, 52: privativum, 52 h: intensive sense of, 52 f, k: rare in verbs W¾¾[, 72 m.

PiÇleÓl, 55 d: in verbs W¾¾[, 72 m.

PilpeÓl, 55 f: in verbs [¾¾[, 67 l: in verbs W¾¾[, 72 m.

Pleonastic use of the pronoun, 135 a, b: of the negative, 152 y.

Pluperfect, 106 f, 111 q: pluperf. subjunctive, 106 p.

Plural, terminations of, 87: in !y+, 87 e: y¤iày¤;à~¤' not plural endings, 87 f–h: double plural ending in constr. st. of certain words, 87 s: double plur. of subst. and following genitive, 124 q: uses and senses of, 124: unusual constructions of, 145 h–m: plur. forms of prepositions, 103 n, o: plur. suffix referring to collective singular, 135 p: plur. predicate of a collective singular, 145 b–g.

Pluralia tantum, 124 f N.

Pluralis excellentiae or majestatis, 124 g–i and N: its construction, 132 h: pl. of extension, 124 a–c: intensive pl., 124 a, d, e: of the result or product, 124 m: amplifying plur., 124 b, d–f: expressing abstract ideas, 124 d, f: pl. of pronoun to denote a group of actions (=it), 135 p.

Plurals of compound ideas, 124 p–r: of names of animals or things construed with a fem. sing., 145 k.

PoÖÇeÓl, 55 b, c: in verbs [¾¾[, 67 l.

Poetic style, 2 q–s.

Point used to divide words, 3 g N.

Polpal, 55 f.

Polysyndeton, 154 a N.

Potential sense of the imperfect, 107 r–w.

Precative, 109 b, c.

Predicate, without the article, 126 i, k: agreeing (or not) with the subject, 145: with compound subj., 146: attracted to the principal idea of a compound subject, 146 a: subst. as predicate where we should use an adjective, 141 c, d.

Prefixes, see Prepositions.

Preformatives of the imperfect, 47: of the noun, 85.

Pregnant construction with prepositions, 119 ee: with !mi, 119 x, y, ff: with yre%]a†;àlauàta;rq.liàB.àl., 119 gg.

Prepositions, 101: prefixed, 102: with suffixes, 103: under the government of the verb, 119: compound prepositions, 119 b–e: chief meanings of, laàbàlà!màl[, 119 g–dd: pregnant uses of, 119 ee–gg: force of, extending over parallel clause, 119 hh: with adverbs (rare), 119 ii: prep. (esp. B.) not used after K., 118 s–w, found exceptionally, 118 s N.

Present expressed by the Perfect, 106 g, h.

Preterite, see Perfect.

Pretonic vowels, 26 e: with bàkàl, 102 f–k: with ~[i before suffix, 103 c: with w, 104 g.

Printed texts, earliest Hebrew, 3 e N.

Prohibitions, expressed by la; or aol with Jussive or imperfect, 107 o, 109 c, d, 152 f.

Pronominal ideas expressed by substantives, 139.

Pronominal suffix anticipating noun, attached to verb, 131 m, o; to subst. or prep., 131 n.

Pronouns, 32: syntax of, 135–8: personal, 32, 135: oblique cases of, 135 i–k: suffixes, 33, with the verb, 58, with the noun, 91, with adverbs, 100 o, p, with prepositions, 103: suffix of 3rd fem. sing. referring to entire sentences, 135 p: demonstrative, 34, 136, used relatively, 138 g, h: relative, 36, 138: indefinite, 37 g, 137 c: interrogative, 37 a–f, 137 a–c: suffix reflexive, 135 i, k: suffix possessive, 33, 135 m–o: suffix as genitive, subjective or objective, 135 m: separate pronoun in nominative emphasizing a suffix, 135 d–h: reciprocal, 139 c with N, e.

Pronunciation of Hebrew, 6 a, b, 48 f.

Prosthetic Aleph, 19 m.

PuÇal, 52 b–d, h (end), q–s: as passive of Qal, 52 e.

PuÇlal, 55 d.

Puncta extraordinaria, 6 n.

South Semitic, 1 b (i).

Spirants, 6 n, 13, 21.

Square character, 5 a.

Status absolutus of the noun, 89 a.

Status constructus, its form, 89: vowelchanges marking it in many nouns, 91–6: its use, 128: before an adjective treated as a subst., 128 w, 133 h (end), 134 p (end): wider use of it, 130: before prepositions, 130 a: before relative clauses, 130 c, d: in apposition with another constr.st., 130 e, f: before numerals, 134 o, p: anomalously with the article, 127 f–i: before hz< used as a relative, 138 g (a).

StemÐconsonants, or radicals, 30 c.

Stems, distinguished from roots, 30 a, d, g–k.

Strengthening (doubling or sharpening) of consonants, 12, 20: in gutturals, 22 b: virtual, 22 c: to intensify the idea of the stem, 52 a, d: of 3rd radical in fem. and plur. of nouns of the forms ~yOa'Ì lm'G", 84^a h, 93 s, ee, kk, 94 c, 95 g, cf. 93 pp: virtual sharpening of a, 64 e: sharpening sometimes omitted in 2nd radical of verbs [¾¾[, 67 g, dd.

Subject, omitted in participal clauses, 116 s, t: Impersonal, 144 b, c: indefinite, 144 d–k: two subjects in a verbal clause, 144 l, m: construction of compound subjects, 146.

Substantive, its construction with the adjective, 132: as predicate of a noun-clause, 141 b: used as predicate where we should use an adjective, 141 c–d.

Suffixes, (pronominal) attached to verbs, 58: rare, irregular, or poetic, with verb, 58 g, i, k (cf. 59 e–h, 60 d–h, 61 b–e, g, h): with noun in sing., 91 e, f: in plur. 91 l: the sing. form after tA+, 91 n: with prepositions, 103: 3rd sing. masc. in , ho, 7 c, 58 g, 91 e: 3rd sing. fem. without MappiÖq, 58 g, 91 e, 103 g: omission of t¤' in fem. nouns before suffix, 91 e (end): 3rd plur. in Am, 53 g, 91 f, l, 103 f N³: omission of y in plur. nouns before suffix, 91 k original y of sing. nouns from h¾¾l stems retained before suffix, 93 ss: denoting the remoter object, 117 x: use of 3rd fem. sing. and 3rd plur. to express 'it', 135 p: anticipating the object (as in Aram.), 131 m, o: apparent verbal forms attached to nouns used as adverbs, 100 o, p: anticipating the genitive, 131 n: syntax of, 135 m–r: heavy (or grave) and light, 59 e, 91 o, 93 b: masculine suffixes revowelferring to feminines, 135 o: fem. suff. with collective force, 135 p: suffixes which have lost their meaning (yn"doa] wD'%.y:), 135 q, r: omitted sometimes with infinitive 115 e N.

Superlative, expression of, 132 c, 133 g–l.

Sëureq, 8 c, 9 n.

'Surface'Ðplurals, 124 b, c.

Suspended genitive, 130 e, f.

Syllables, theory of, 26.

Syncope and elision, 19 k, 35 d: of the article, 35 n: of h in HiphÇiÖl and HophÇal, 53 a, b, in infin. Niph., 51 l, in infin. Hiph., 53 q, in infin. Hop., 67 y (end).

Syriac language, 1 c.

Syriasms in pronunciation, 24 e: cf. Aramaisms.

Talmud, 3 a.

'Tam' Ðcharacter, 5 a (end).

Targums, 1 c, 3 a.

TellÐelÐAmarna tablets, 2 f.

Temporal clauses, 106 f, 111 d 112 oo, 164: expressed by infin. constr. with a preposition, 164 g.

Tenses, 40: their use, 106–9, 111, 112: tempus historicum, 106 d.

Text of the O. T. probably derived from a single archetype, 3 c.

Textual criticism, 3 g: intentlional and unintentional changes in the text, 3 g.

TiphÇel, 55 h.

Titles indicated by the feminine form, 122 r.

Tone of Hebrew words, 29: marks of, 15 b, c, k, l: thrown forward, 29 e: retrocession of, 29 d–g: incomplete retrocession, 29 f: tone in pause, 29 i–r: concurrence of two tonesyllables avoided, 29 e, f, h. Tone in perfect thrown forward after waÓw consec., 49 h–l: in imperf. often thrown back in jussive and after waÓw consec., 48 f, 49 d, 67 x, 68 d, e, 69 p, 71, 72 t, aa, 73 e.

Transitions in poetry from one person to another, 144 p, cf. 135 r.

Translations of the O. T., 3 a.

Transposition (metathesis) of consonants, 19 n, 54 b.

U-sounds, 8 c, 9 n, o.

Verb, 38: Its syntax, 106–116: its ungovernment, 117–121: weak verbs, 41, 66–76, relation to one another, 77: verbs middle e and o, 43: derivative, see Conjugations: denomi-native, 38 c, d, 43 c (in Qal), 51 g (Niph.), 52 h (Pi.), 53 g (Hiph.), 54 i (Hithp.): transitive and intransitive, 43, 117 u, v: with suffixes, 57–61: doubly weak, 76: a¾¾l and h¾¾l confused, 75 nn–rr: defective, 78: verba induendi et exuendi, 117 y: copiae et inopiae, 117 z, aa: with prepositions, 119: primitive y retained exceptionally in verbs h¾¾, 75 u, v, x, dd, gg (end), cf. 29 t: verbs H¾¾l, 65 N, 75 b (end): verbs w¾¾l75 b, v, kk, nouns derived befrom, 84^a c (e), f (end), g (end), 93 z.

Verbal clauses 140 b, c, 142: relative 155 f–n.

Verbal ideas subordinated to a verb, 120 a–c: co-ordinated with a verb, 120 d–h.

Verbal suffixes with prepositions (rare), 103 d.

Verse arrangement of poetic passages, 2 r (end).

Vocalizatlon of the text, 7 h, i: Babylonian, 8 g N, 103 m N.

Vocative with and without the article, 126 f.

Vowel-letters, 7 b–g, 8 k–m.

Vowel-signs or points, 7 h, i, 8–10.

Vowels, 7: influenced by the nature of the syllablo, 26: firm or unchangeable, 25: changes in them as regards quantity, 27: impure, 25 c N: pretonic, p. 86 N¹, § 102 f–i, 103 c.

WaÒw consecutive, § 49 a, b, before a in 1st pers. impf. Pi. with anomalous pathahÌ, 49 c, with the perfect, 49 h–l, with the imperfect, 49 c–g: copulative, punctuation of, 104 d–g: waÒw apodosis introducing the predicate, 143 d: explicative, 154 a N (b): concomitantiae, 154 a N (b): adaequationis, 161 a N. See also under Perfect ana Imperfect.

Weak consonants, 6 s: a and h, 23: w and y, 24.

Weak verbs, 41, 66–76: their relation to one another, 77: relation between a¾¾l and h¾¾l, 75 nn–rr. Weakening (or softening) of consonants, 19 o.

Wish, expressed by simple impf., 107 n: by cohortative, 108 (with an", 108 c): by jussive, log (with an", 109 b), by imperative, 110 a: by perf. consec., 112 aa: by a nounclause, 116 r N, 141 g: by ymi, 151 a: by ! ymi 151 b–a: by ~aiàWlàylxn, 151 e.

Writing, Semitic, 1 k, l: old Hebrew, 2 d, i, 5 a: its origin, 5 g.

Zenjirli, inscriptions, 1 m, 32 k N.

Footnotes:

cf Driver, introd.⁸